{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:33:02Z","timestamp":1790195582876,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL141434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL141434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL126911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL126911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01 HL092577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01 HL092577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2U54HL120163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U54HL120163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL137794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL137794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL13660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL13660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["74624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["74624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Rationale:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Smartwatches enable accurate daily activity monitoring for physical activity measurement and intervention. Few studies, however, have examined physical activity measures from smartwatches in relation to traditional risk factors associated with future risk for CVD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To investigate the association of habitual physical activity measured by smartwatch with predicted CVD risk in adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We enrolled consenting FHS (Framingham Heart Study) participants in an ongoing eFHS (electronic Framingham Heart Study) at the time of their FHS research center examination. We provided participants with a smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 0) and instructed them to wear it daily, which measured their habitual physical activity as the average daily step count. We estimated the 10-year predicted risk of CVD using the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association 2013 pooled cohort risk equation. We estimated the association between physical activity and predicted risk of CVD using linear mixed effects models adjusting for age, sex, wear time, and familial structure. Our study included 903 eFHS participants (mean age 53\u00b19 years, 61% women, 9% non-White) who wore the smartwatch \u22655 hours per day for \u226530 days. Median daily step count was similar among men (7202 with interquartile range 3619) and women (7260 with interquartile range 3068;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.52). Average 10-year predicted CVD risk was 4.5% (interquartile range, 6.1%) for men and 1.2% (interquartile range, 2.2%) for women (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =1.3\u00d710\n              <jats:sup>\u221226<\/jats:sup>\n              ). Every 1000 steps higher habitual physical activity was associated with 0.18% lower predicted CVD risk (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =3.2\u00d710\n              <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n              ). The association was attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for body mass index (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.01).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this community-based sample of adults, higher daily physical activity measured by a study smartwatch was associated with lower predicted risk of CVD. Future research should examine the longitudinal association of prospectively measured daily activity and incident CVD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.120.317578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T09:00:18Z","timestamp":1598432418000},"page":"1253-1260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Disease Risk"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3043-3942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Honghuang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine (H.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayank","family":"Sardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (M.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuankai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (Y.Z., C.L., L.T., C.H.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (Y.Z., C.L., L.T., C.H.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3028-4900","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ludovic","family":"Trinquart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (Y.Z., C.L., L.T., C.H.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4076-2336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emelia J.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University\u2019s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u2019s Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B., E.S.M., K.F., J.K., M.M.H., J.M.M.)."},{"name":"Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, MA (E.J.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Manders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University\u2019s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u2019s Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B., E.S.M., K.F., J.K., M.M.H., J.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8805-2520","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelsey","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University\u2019s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u2019s Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B., E.S.M., K.F., J.K., M.M.H., J.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3551-1145","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jelena","family":"Kornej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University\u2019s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u2019s Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B., E.S.M., K.F., J.K., M.M.H., J.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University\u2019s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u2019s Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B., E.S.M., K.F., J.K., M.M.H., J.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Spartano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management (N.L.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chathurangi H.","family":"Pathiravasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (Y.Z., C.L., L.T., C.H.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vik","family":"Kheterpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care Evolution, Ann Arbor, MI (V.K., C.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care Evolution, Ann Arbor, MI (V.K., C.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0859-796X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Belinda","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Center for Behavioral Science Research, Department of Health Policy &amp; Health Services Research, Boston University, MA (B.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne M.","family":"Murabito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.M.M.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA."},{"name":"Boston University\u2019s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u2019s Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B., E.S.M., K.F., J.K., M.M.H., J.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (D.D.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester."},{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (D.D.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021067"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-303461"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.010710"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.039974"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30370-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021516"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","volume-title":"2018 physical activity guidelines advisory committee scientific report","author":"Committee PAGA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Committee PAGA. 2018 physical activity guidelines advisory committee scientific report. 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