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Hearts and arteries\u2014unlike liver and adrenals\u2014have nonfenestrated capillaries and lipid accumulation in both health and disease requires lipid movement from the circulation across the endothelial barrier. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo findings on the importance of endothelial cell receptors and uptake pathways in regulating FAs and cholesterol uptake in normal physiology and cardiovascular disease. We highlight clinical and experimental data on the roles of ECs in lipid supply to tissues, heart, and arterial wall in particular, and how this affects organ metabolism and function. Models of FA uptake into ECs suggest that receptor-mediated uptake predominates at low FA concentrations, such as during fasting, whereas FA uptake during lipolysis of chylomicrons may involve paracellular movement. Similarly, in the setting of an intact arterial endothelial layer, recent and historic data support a role for receptor-mediated processes in the movement of lipoproteins into the subarterial space. We conclude with thoughts on the need to better understand endothelial lipid transfer for fuller comprehension of the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia, and lipotoxic diseases such as some forms of cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.120.318003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T14:04:41Z","timestamp":1612447481000},"page":"433-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Endothelial Cell Receptors in Tissue Lipid Uptake and Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Nada A.","family":"Abumrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainara 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