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These include renal denervation, baroreflex activation therapy, endovascular baroreflex amplification therapy, carotid body ablation, and pacemaker-mediated programmable hypertension control. Of these, renal denervation is the most mature, and with a recent series of proof-of-concept trials demonstrating the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency and more recently ultrasound-based renal denervation, this technology is poised to become available as a viable treatment option for hypertension in the foreseeable future. With regard to baroreflex activation therapy, endovascular baroreflex amplification, carotid body ablation, and programmable hypertension control, these are developing technologies for which more human data are required. Importantly, central nervous system control of the circulation remains a poorly understood yet vital component of the hypertension pathway and mandates further investigation. Technology to improve blood pressure control through deep brain stimulation of key cardiovascular control territories is, therefore, of interest. Furthermore, alternative nonsympathomodulatory intervention targeting the hemodynamics of the circulation may also be worth exploring for patients in whom sympathetic drive is less relevant to hypertension perpetuation. Herein, we review the aforementioned technologies with an emphasis on the preclinical data that underpin their rationale and the human evidence that supports their use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.121.318091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T18:13:18Z","timestamp":1617300798000},"page":"1080-1099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Device Therapy of Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4425-549X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felix","family":"Mahfoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (F.M.)."},{"name":"Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (F.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1765-0195","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus P.","family":"Schlaich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine\u2013Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Australia (M.S.)."},{"name":"Departments of Cardiology (M.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Australia."},{"name":"Nephrology (M.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Australia."},{"name":"Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1122-948X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melvin D.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute and Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.D.L.)."},{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.D.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1953.03690160001001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12676"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313220"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.09.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00258.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.14.2.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000081775.72651.B6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000103160.35395.9E"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2003.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.3.2.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1984.247.1.E21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60566-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0904179"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq457"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-009-0078-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00599.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212313272704"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.5.R1517"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0364-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv192"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32281-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30554-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV11I4A96"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31082-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","article-title":"Alcohol-mediated renal sympathetic neurolysis for the treatment of hypertension: The peregrine infusion catheter.","author":"Bertog S","unstructured":"Bertog, S, Sharma, A, Mahfoud, F, Pathak, A, Schmieder, RE, Sievert, K, Papademetriou, V, Weber, MA, Haratani, N, Lobo, MD et al. 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