{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:54:16Z","timestamp":1787018056214,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past several centuries, the integration of contemporary medical techniques and innovative technologies, like genetic sequencing, have played a pivotal role in enhancing our comprehension of congenital vascular and lymphatic disorders. Nonetheless, the uncommon and complex characteristics of these disorders, especially considering their formation during the intrauterine stage, present significant obstacles in diagnosis and treatment. Here, we review the intricacies of these congenital abnormalities, offering an in-depth examination of key diagnostic approaches, genetic factors, and therapeutic methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.124.323181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T14:00:44Z","timestamp":1718892044000},"page":"159-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Congenital Vascular and Lymphatic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Roy","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.J., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School; Worcester."},{"name":"Department of Medicine (R.J., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School; Worcester."},{"name":"Translational Science Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (R.J., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School; Worcester."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3544-0474","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chinmay M.","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.J., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School; Worcester."},{"name":"Department of Medicine (R.J., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School; Worcester."},{"name":"Translational Science Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (R.J., C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School; Worcester."},{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology (C.M.T.), UMass Chan Medical School; Worcester."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.322867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Angioma in die Krankhaften Geschw\u00fclste","author":"Virchow R","year":"1863","unstructured":"Virchow, R. Angioma in die Krankhaften Geschw\u00fclste. Hirschwald; 1863."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-022-09841-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2014.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2022.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00645-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0046-8177(00)80192-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20120727-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI33493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.150284"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199901000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63077-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096-8628(19990101)82:1<77::aid-ajmg15>3.0.co;2-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-162180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.10028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04144-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.376"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1999.tb01845.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(99)70416-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.316300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02651-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20886"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70023-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2022.104517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0708819"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00528-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI151109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375614"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.0454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.2554"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JEP.S146211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2015.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.6321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-016-9538-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000495508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.316651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026886"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379793"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.08.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2022.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abg0809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-019-1229-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2022.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81814-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.12.2325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/13815"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.12.1851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2014.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20192205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04849-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.3459"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.173095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780195145052.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12555569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/81634"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1294-345"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-034124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15732-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226852"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709449"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2017.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181d18070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1583\/05-1769.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-88-470-5673-2_33"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2022.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-023-02732-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14912"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-006-0147-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1995.01890050065012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.153033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2021.0103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-018-9595-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-018-0390-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2018.0850"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.210104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29908"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754221112002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2019-106084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2010.01394.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00309-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"Genetic and physiological aspects of a family with chronic hereditary lymphedema (Nonne-Milroy-Meige\u2019s disease) and hereditary angioneurotic edema.","volume":"10","author":"Hagy GW","year":"1958","unstructured":"Hagy, GW, Danhof, I. Genetic and physiological aspects of a family with chronic hereditary lymphedema (Nonne-Milroy-Meige\u2019s disease) and hereditary angioneurotic edema. Am J Hum Genet. 1958;10:141\u2013153.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/303019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/316915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.923"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92852"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-014-1456-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59112016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12804"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/ehc.2021.78112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_141_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Newborn skin: part II. Birthmarks.","volume":"77","author":"McLaughlin MR","year":"2008","unstructured":"McLaughlin, MR, O\u2019Connor, NR, Ham, P. Newborn skin: part II. Birthmarks. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77:56\u201360.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2020.1731834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-018-1964-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20174496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12562"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb10010011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2016.11.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022314"}],"container-title":["Circulation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.323181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:07:10Z","timestamp":1764857230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.323181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.323181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.124.323181","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7330","1524-4571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7330","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}