{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:23:27Z","timestamp":1789057407949,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":328,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of AIDS. Since the start of the epidemic, HIV\/AIDS has been responsible for \u224840 million deaths. Additionally, an estimated 39 million people are currently infected with the virus. HIV-1 primarily infects immune cells, such as CD\n            <jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup>\n            (cluster of differentiation 4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ) T lymphocytes (T cells), and as a consequence, the number of CD\n            <jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells progressively declines in people living with HIV. Within a span of \u224810 years, HIV-1 infection leads to the systemic failure of the immune system and progression to AIDS. Fortunately, potent antiviral therapy effectively controls HIV-1 infection and prevents AIDS-related deaths. The efficacy of the current antiviral therapy regimens has transformed the outcome of HIV\/AIDS from a death sentence to a chronic disease with a prolonged lifespan of people living with HIV. However, antiviral therapy is not curative, is challenged by virus resistance, can be toxic, and, most importantly, requires lifelong adherence. Furthermore, the improved lifespan has resulted in an increased incidence of non-AIDS\u2013related morbidities in people living with HIV including cardiovascular diseases, renal disease, liver disease, bone disease, cancer, and neurological conditions. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the cardiovascular comorbidities associated with HIV-1 infection, with a particular focus on hypertension. We also discuss the potential mechanisms known to drive HIV-1\u2013associated hypertension and the knowledge gaps in our understanding of this comorbid condition. Finally, we suggest several directions of future research to better understand the factors, pathways, and mechanisms underlying HIV-1\u2013associated hypertension in the post-antiviral therapy era.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.124.323979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T18:01:01Z","timestamp":1716487261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6507-7875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Prem","family":"Prakash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research (P.P., R.C., G.M., M.B., C.D.), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology (P.P., R.C., G.M., M.B., C.D.), Meharry 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