{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:49:15Z","timestamp":1789094955482,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alterations in the intestinal microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders, but how they affect the development of Kawasaki disease (KD) an acute pediatric vasculitis, remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      cell wall extract (LCWE) murine model of KD vasculitis to assess the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the development of vascular inflammation. We evaluated the severity of vasculitis in microbiota-depleted mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the fecal microbiome composition of LCWE-injected mice. Some groups of mice were orally treated with selected live or pasteurized bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, or Amuc_1100, the Toll-like receptor 2 signaling outer membrane protein from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and their impact on vasculitis development was assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report that depleting the gut microbiota reduces the development of cardiovascular inflammation in a murine model mimicking KD vasculitis. The development of cardiovascular lesions was associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition and, notably, a decreased abundance of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Oral supplementation with either of these live or pasteurized individual bacteria or with short-chain fatty acids produced by them attenuated cardiovascular inflammation, as reflected by decreased local immune cell infiltrations. Treatment with Amuc_1100 also reduced the severity of vascular inflammation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reveals an underappreciated gut microbiota-cardiovascular inflammation axis in KD vasculitis pathogenesis and identifies specific intestinal commensals that regulate vasculitis in mice by producing metabolites or via extracellular proteins capable of enhancing and supporting gut barrier function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.124.325079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T05:02:11Z","timestamp":1740978131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Development of Cardiovascular Inflammation and Vasculitis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6729-5881","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Prasant K.","family":"Jena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiko","family":"Wakita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-9607","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angela C.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8580-6200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thacyana T.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1546-7191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asli E.","family":"Atici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5044-5722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily","family":"Aubuchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5227-683X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Youngho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6591-6306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Fishbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (M.C.F.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2427-3575","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Takasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children\u2019s Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan (Y.T.)."},{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan (Y.T., Y.K., H.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8588-4033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yosuke","family":"Kurashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan (Y.T., Y.K., H.K.)."},{"name":"Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan (Y.K., H.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7307-4658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kiyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan (Y.T., Y.K., H.K.)."},{"name":"Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan (Y.K., H.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-2448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrice D.","family":"Cani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (P.D.C.), UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium."},{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (P.D.C.), UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium."},{"name":"WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium (P.D.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-3166","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Willem M.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, the Netherlands (W.M.d.V.)."},{"name":"Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (W.M.d.V.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2989-658X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David M.","family":"Underhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.M.U., S.D., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute (D.M.U., S.D.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5575-9362","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Devkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.M.U., S.D., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute (D.M.U., S.D.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"Human Microbiome Research Institute (S.D.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2919-4967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.M.U., S.D., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8213-5686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenichi","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.M.U., S.D., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8465-6127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Crother","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.M.U., S.D., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9042-2909","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Moshe","family":"Arditi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.M.U., S.D., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"Smidt Heart Research Institute (M.A.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5570-8928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Magali","family":"Noval Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Guerin Children\u2019s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.)."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, (P.K.J., D.W., A.C.G., T.T.C., A.E.A., E.A., M.N., Y.L., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.M.U., S.D., S.C., K.S., T.R.C., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0426-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2007.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.12.5946"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39975"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"A comparative clinical trial to assess a standardized escalation dose strategy of interleukin-1 blockade in Kawasaki disease: the ANACOMP trial.","volume":"10","author":"Kon\u00e9-Paut I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kon\u00e9-Paut I, Toumazi A, Bourmaud A. 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