{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:24:26Z","timestamp":1787855066046,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a strong autoimmune component, marked by the detection of autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies have shown that atherosclerotic plaques contain clonally expanded CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells. One of the known atherosclerosis autoantigens is APOB (apolipoprotein B). However, autoreactive CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells to APOB in humans have not been described.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell reactivity to human leukocyte antigen-A*02:01-restricted APOB epitopes, starting with in silico epitope prediction. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human leukocyte antigen-A02:01+ healthy subjects to test the top 64-ranked peptides for their potential to elicit a CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell response. Antigen-specific responses were assessed using activation-induced marker assays, intracellular cytokine staining, and IFN\u03b3 (interferon gamma) ELISpot assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Some APOB peptides triggered robust CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell activation with effector memory features, and expression of cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. Five immunodominant epitopes spanning 2 APOB regions accounted for most of the response and elicited significant T-cell activation in healthy donors that was increased in clinical samples from patients with severe coronary artery disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The discovery of immunodominant major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted APOB epitopes suggests a new perspective for immune-based interventions to mitigate atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.125.326804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:00:26Z","timestamp":1784797226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased Autoreactive CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cells to Apolipoprotein B Epitopes in Patients With Severe Coronary Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Payel","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammation Biology (P.R., K.L.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, CA."},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research (J.S., A.S.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smriti","family":"Parashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sidney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research (J.S., A.S.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 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