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These conditions all share inflammation as a pathogenic process. HDL particles and their specific components interfere with several steps in the inflammatory process. (1) They prevent dysmetabolism and eliminate or inactivate the causes and triggers of inflammation, including infectious agents, cholesterol, and oxidized lipids. (2) They modulate the activity of cellular and humoral components of innate and acquired immune systems. (3) They help limit or repair tissue damage or systemic homeostatic disturbances caused by inflammation. However, confrontation with the causes of inflammation and the organism\u2019s additional responses to inflammation can modify HDL\u2019s composition and components so that these particles lose or gain beneficial or adverse properties, respectively. 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