{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:34:54Z","timestamp":1793014494252,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet the mechanisms linking autoimmune dysregulation to progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling are poorly defined, leading to inadequate therapies. This study investigated BAFF (B-cell activating factor), a key cytokine in SLE, as a potential driver of SLE-PAH pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BAFF expression was assessed in patients with SLE-PAH and animal models. Humanized BAFF-transgenic mice were generated to investigate the effects of BAFF elevation on serological, hemodynamic, and histological parameters of SLE and PAH. Single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, histological analyses, and cell-based experiments were performed to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms. The therapeutic efficacy of the BAFF-neutralizing antibody Belimumab was tested in 2 distinct SLE-PAH animal models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BAFF was significantly upregulated in both SLE-PAH patient cohorts and animal models. Humanized BAFF-transgenic mice exhibited systemic B-cell hyperactivation and pulmonary infiltration and spontaneously developed hallmark features of both SLE and PAH. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of lung tissues revealed that BAFF overexpression drove the increase of a novel, disease-specific S\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">100a6<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      mature B-cell subset, which orchestrated a pathogenic immune cascade by activating a cytotoxic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Gzmk<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell population via MHC-I (major histocompatibility complex class I)-mediated antigen presentation and CD80-CD28 costimulation. This B-T cell crosstalk triggered apoptosis of a susceptible endothelial cell subpopulation through Fas\/Fas ligand signaling, ultimately culminating in pulmonary vascular remodeling. The BAFF-neutralizing antibody Belimumab effectively ameliorated both autoimmune and cardiopulmonary manifestations in 2 distinct SLE-PAH animal models, while improving survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings establish BAFF as a key mediator in SLE-PAH, driving a previously unrecognized pathogenic immune axis connecting dysregulated B cells to T-cell-mediated endothelial injury. BAFF inhibition may represent a therapeutic strategy for SLE-PAH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.126.328338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:00:27Z","timestamp":1790240427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pathogenic B-T Cell Axis Driven by BAFF Induces Endothelial Apoptosis in SLE-PAH"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9824-4796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuehan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences &amp; School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.J., H.H., Y.G., Y.X., Y.H., H.Z., W.S., P.Y., C.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4512-0700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leyao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0323-5070","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6097-6844","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qizhi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (J. Zhang, Y.Y.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences &amp; School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.J., H.H., Y.G., Y.X., Y.H., H.Z., W.S., P.Y., C.W.)."},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China (H.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7822-5953","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yidan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences &amp; School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.J., H.H., Y.G., Y.X., Y.H., H.Z., W.S., P.Y., C.W.)."},{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (Y.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3390-7800","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingbei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhuan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6909-539X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junyan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3108-5599","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanjiang","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences &amp; School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.J., H.H., Y.G., Y.X., Y.H., H.Z., W.S., P.Y., C.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5628-3279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yufei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences &amp; School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.J., H.H., Y.G., Y.X., Y.H., H.Z., W.S., P.Y., C.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences &amp; School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.J., H.H., Y.G., Y.X., Y.H., H.Z., W.S., P.Y., C.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9308-2858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiuliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-9898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases (NCRC-RAD), National Health Commission, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Ministry of Science &amp; Technology, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligence and Precision in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Beijing Municipal Commission of Science &amp; Technology, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. Zhao, Q.W., X.Z., M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0293-6737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuanhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (J. Zhang, Y.Y.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2785-0534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wanlu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences &amp; School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.J., H.H., Y.G., Y.X., Y.H., H.Z., W.S., P.Y., C.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4252-2889","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mengtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.M., Y.L., X. Deng, Q.Y., X. Dong, Y.T., W.Z., J.Q., J. 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