{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:46:47Z","timestamp":1787507207922,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Population-based studies have provided insight into the natural history of adult hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but comparable information for affected children is lacking.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    All Australian children who presented with primary cardiomyopathy at 0 to 10 years of age between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 1996, were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. A single cardiologist reviewed serial cardiac investigations on each subject. A total of 80 subjects with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were identified. An underlying syndromal, genetic, or metabolic condition was identified in 46 subjects (57.5%). There were no cases of sudden death at presentation. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was present in 32 subjects (40%); right ventricular outflow obstruction was present in 10 (12.5%). Freedom from death or transplantation was 83% (95% CI, 73 to 90) 5 years after presentation and 76% (95% CI, 62 to 86) 10 years after presentation. By proportional-hazards regression analysis, risk factors for death or transplantation included concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, age at presentation &lt;1 year, lower initial fractional shortening Z score, and increasing left ventricular posterior wall thickness relative to body surface area. At the latest follow-up, 54 of 65 surviving subjects had no symptoms, and 46 were receiving no regular medication.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Syndromal, genetic, and metabolic causes predominate in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ventricular outflow tract obstruction is common. The clinical status of long-term survivors is good. This population-based study identifies children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who are at risk of adverse events.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.104.530303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,22]],"date-time":"2005-08-22T20:34:03Z","timestamp":1124742843000},"page":"1332-1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Clinical Features and Outcomes of Childhood Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Alan W.","family":"Nugent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (A.W.N., P.E.F.D., M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.) and Anatomic Pathology (C.W.C.), Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (P.C., J.B.C.); Departments of General Practice (P.C.) and Paediatrics (J.B.C.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piers E.F.","family":"Daubeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (A.W.N., P.E.F.D., M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.) and Anatomic Pathology (C.W.C.), Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (P.C., J.B.C.); Departments of General Practice (P.C.) and Paediatrics (J.B.C.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patty","family":"Chondros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (A.W.N., P.E.F.D., M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.) and Anatomic Pathology (C.W.C.), Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (P.C., J.B.C.); Departments of General Practice (P.C.) and Paediatrics (J.B.C.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (A.W.N., P.E.F.D., M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.) and Anatomic Pathology (C.W.C.), Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (P.C., J.B.C.); Departments of General Practice (P.C.) and Paediatrics (J.B.C.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Colan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (A.W.N., P.E.F.D., M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.) and Anatomic Pathology (C.W.C.), Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (P.C., J.B.C.); Departments of General Practice (P.C.) and Paediatrics (J.B.C.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (A.W.N., P.E.F.D., M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.) and Anatomic Pathology (C.W.C.), Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (P.C., J.B.C.); Departments of General Practice (P.C.) and Paediatrics (J.B.C.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (A.W.N., P.E.F.D., M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.) and Anatomic Pathology (C.W.C.), Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (P.C., J.B.C.); Departments of General Practice (P.C.) and Paediatrics (J.B.C.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.W.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (A.W.N., P.E.F.D., M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.) and Anatomic Pathology (C.W.C.), Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (P.C., J.B.C.); Departments of General Practice (P.C.) and Paediatrics (J.B.C.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Weintraub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (A.W.N., P.E.F.D., M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.) and Anatomic Pathology (C.W.C.), Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (P.C., J.B.C.); Departments of General Practice (P.C.) and Paediatrics (J.B.C.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.10.1308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903233201201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.7.650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.93.5.841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(01)00334-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(10)80282-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Stata Statistical Software Release 8.0. 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