{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:15:31Z","timestamp":1777889731056,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Acute hemodynamic effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) were reported previously, but detailed invasive studies showing hemodynamic consequences of long-term CRT are not available.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    We studied 22 patients scheduled for implantation of a CRT device based on conventional criteria (New York Heart Association class III or IV, left ventricular [LV] ejection fraction &lt;35%, left bundle-branch block, and QRS duration &gt;120 ms). During diagnostic catheterization before CRT, we acquired pressure-volume loops using conductance catheters during atrial pacing at 80, 100, 120, and 140 bpm. Studies were repeated during biventricular pacing at the same heart rates after 6 months of CRT. Our data show a significant clinical benefit of CRT (New York Heart Association class change from 3.1\u00b10.5 to 2.1\u00b10.8; quality-of-life score change from 44\u00b112 to 31\u00b116; and 6-minute hall-walk distance increased from 260\u00b1149 to 396\u00b1129 m; all\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001), improved LV ejection fraction (from 29\u00b110% to 40\u00b113%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01), decreased end-diastolic pressure (from 18\u00b18 to 13\u00b16 mm Hg,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05), and reverse remodeling (end-diastolic volume decreased from 257\u00b167 to 205\u00b154 mL,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01). Previously reported acute improvements in LV function remained present at 6 months: dP\/dt\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased 18%, \u2212dP\/dt\n                    <jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased 13%, and stroke work increased 34% (all\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01). Effects of increased heart rate were improved toward more physiological responses for LV ejection fraction, cardiac output, and dP\/dt\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Moreover, our study showed improved ventricular-arterial coupling (69% increase,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01) and improved mechanical efficiency (44% increase,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Hemodynamic improvements with CRT, previously shown in acute invasive studies, are maintained chronically. In addition, ventricular-arterial coupling, mechanical efficiency, and chronotropic responses are improved after 6 months of CRT. These findings may help to explain the improved functional status and exercise tolerance in patients treated with CRT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.540435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,6]],"date-time":"2006-03-06T20:33:48Z","timestamp":1141677228000},"page":"1295-1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Hemodynamic Effects of Long-Term Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Steendijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven A.","family":"Tulner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen J.","family":"Bax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pranobe V.","family":"Oemrawsingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabe B.","family":"Bleeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lieselot","family":"van Erven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hein","family":"Putter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harriette F.","family":"Verwey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernst E.","family":"van der Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Schalij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiology (P.S., S.A.T., J.J.B., P.V.O., G.B.B., L.v.E., H.F.V., E.E.v.d.W., M.J.S.) and Medical Statistics (H.P.), Leiden 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