{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:10:01Z","timestamp":1788433801269,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a strategy for safe performance of extrathoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in non\u2013pacemaker-dependent patients with cardiac pacemakers.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Inclusion criteria were presence of a cardiac pacemaker and urgent clinical need for an MRI examination. Pacemaker-dependent patients and those requiring examinations of the thoracic region were excluded. The study group consisted of 82 pacemaker patients who underwent a total of 115 MRI examinations at 1.5T. To minimize radiofrequency-related lead heating, the specific absorption rate was limited to 1.5 W\/kg. All pacemakers were reprogrammed before MRI: If heart rate was &lt;60 bpm, the asynchronous mode was programmed to avoid magnetic resonance (MR)\u2013induced inhibition; if heart rate was &gt;60 bpm, sense-only mode was used to avoid MR-induced competitive pacing and potential proarrhythmia. Patients were monitored with ECG and pulse oximetry. All pacemakers were interrogated immediately before and after the MRI examination and after 3 months, including measurement of pacing capture threshold (PCT) and serum troponin I levels. All MR examinations were completed safely. Inhibition of pacemaker output or induction of arrhythmias was not observed. PCT increased significantly from pre- to post-MRI (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.017). In 2 of 195 leads, an increase in PCT was only detected at follow-up. In 4 of 114 examinations, troponin increased from a normal baseline value to above normal after MRI, and in 1 case (troponin pre-MRI 0.02 ng\/mL, post-MRI 0.16 ng\/mL), this increase was associated with a significant increase in PCT.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Extrathoracic MRI of non\u2013pacemaker-dependent patients can be performed with an acceptable risk-benefit ratio under controlled conditions and by taking both MR- and pacemaker-related precautions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.597013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,12]],"date-time":"2006-09-12T00:45:37Z","timestamp":1158021937000},"page":"1285-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":222,"title":["Strategy for Safe Performance of Extrathoracic Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 1.5 Tesla in the Presence of Cardiac Pacemakers in Non\u2013Pacemaker-Dependent Patients"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Torsten","family":"Sommer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claas P.","family":"Naehle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volkert","family":"Zeijlemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Hackenbroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Schmiedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Strach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Skowasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Vahlhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold","family":"Litt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Schild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., C.P.N., M.H., A.S., C.M., K.S., H.S.) and Cardiology (A.Y., D.S.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Medtronic Bakken Research Center (V.Z.), Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.V.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Radiology of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H.L.), Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1536\/jhj.40.737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.t01-1-00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(67)90283-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.03371.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.102.11.1216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00199.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.215.3.r00jn08869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000137121.28722.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2005.02.120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.5.1821111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2005.50035.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910020404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(1996)17:3<195::AID-BEM5>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(97)70083-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"2740","volume":"53","year":"1993","unstructured":"Armour EP, McEachern D, Wang Z, Corry PM, Martinez A. 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