{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:14:29Z","timestamp":1792556069302,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The number of patients with longer follow-up after implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is increasing continuously. Defibrillation lead failure is a typical long-term complication. Therefore, the long-term reliability of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads has become an increasing concern. The aim of the present study was to assess the annual rate of transvenous defibrillation lead defects related to follow-up time after lead implantation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 990 consecutive patients who underwent first implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator between 1992 and May 2005 were analyzed. Median follow-up time was 934 days (interquartile range, 368 to 1870). Overall, 148 defibrillation leads (15%) failed during the follow-up. The estimated lead survival rates at 5 and 8 years after implantation were 85% and 60%, respectively. The annual failure rate increased progressively with time after implantation and reached 20% in 10-year-old leads (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001). Lead defects affected newer as well as older models. Patients with lead defects were 3 years younger at implantation and more often female. Multiple lead implantation was associated with a trend to a higher rate of defibrillation lead defects (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.06). The major lead complications were insulation defects (56%), lead fractures (12%), loss of ventricular capture (11%), abnormal lead impedance (10%), and sensing failure (10%).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    An increasing annual lead failure rate is noted primarily during long-term follow-up and reached 20% in 10-year-old leads. Patients with lead defects are younger and more often female.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.663807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T21:18:44Z","timestamp":1177967924000},"page":"2474-2480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":511,"title":["Annual Rate of Transvenous Defibrillation Lead Defects in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Over a Period of &gt;10 Years"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kleemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Doenges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margit","family":"Vater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Senges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Saggau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Weisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlheinz","family":"Seidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711273372202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612263352601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006293422602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"776","volume":"25","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwartzman D, Nallamothu N, Callans DJ, Preminger MW, Gottlieb CD, Marchlinski FE. Postoperative lead-related complications in patients with nonthoracotomy defibrillation systems. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995; 25: 776\u2013786.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00387-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01351.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00008.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003920050326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02620-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2003.02305.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Medtronic Inc. Defibrillation leads reference. CRM Product Performance Report 2006. Available at: http:\/\/www.medtronic.com\/crm\/performance\/references\/defib_lead_reference.html. Accessed August 30 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"St. Jude product performance report April 2006. Available at: http:\/\/www.sjm.com\/devices\/deviceindex.aspx. Accessed August 30 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.t01-1-00879.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1995.tb04740.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00066.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Mond HG. Engineering and clinical aspects of pacing leads. In: Ellenbogen KA Kay GN Wilkoff BL eds. Clinical Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation. Philadelphia Pa: WB Saunders Co; 2000: 127\u2013150."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01536-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"85","volume":"86","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mewis C, K\u00fchlkamp V, D\u00f6rnberger V, Mermi J, Seipel L. High incidence of isolator fractures in transvenous implanted cardioverter\/defibrillators. 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