{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:43:59Z","timestamp":1792521839683,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Type-1 long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the KCNQ1-encoded I\n                    <jats:sub>Ks<\/jats:sub>\n                    cardiac potassium channel. We evaluated the effect of location, coding type, and biophysical function of KCNQ1 mutations on the clinical phenotype of this disorder.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    We investigated the clinical course in 600 patients with 77 different KCNQ1 mutations in 101 proband-identified families derived from the US portion of the International LQTS Registry (n=425), the Netherlands\u2019 LQTS Registry (n=93), and the Japanese LQTS Registry (n=82). The Cox proportional hazards survivorship model was used to evaluate the independent contribution of clinical and genetic factors to the first occurrence of time-dependent cardiac events from birth through age 40 years. The clinical characteristics, distribution of mutations, and overall outcome event rates were similar in patients enrolled from the 3 geographic regions. Biophysical function of the mutations was categorized according to dominant-negative (&gt;50%) or haploinsufficiency (\u226450%) reduction in cardiac repolarizing\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>Ks<\/jats:sub>\n                    potassium channel current. Patients with transmembrane versus C-terminus mutations (hazard ratio, 2.06;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001) and those with mutations having dominant-negative versus haploinsufficiency ion channel effects (hazard ratio, 2.26;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001) were at increased risk for cardiac events, and these genetic risks were independent of traditional clinical risk factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    This genotype\u2013phenotype study indicates that in type-1 LQTS, mutations located in the transmembrane portion of the ion channel protein and the degree of ion channel dysfunction caused by the mutations are important independent risk factors influencing the clinical course of this disorder.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.665406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T21:18:44Z","timestamp":1177967924000},"page":"2481-2489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":396,"title":["Clinical Aspects of Type-1 Long-QT Syndrome by Location, Coding Type, and Biophysical Function of Mutations Involving the KCNQ1 Gene"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Arthur J.","family":"Moss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur A.M.","family":"Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Towbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Zareba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Michael","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nynke","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Kamakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"McNitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiology Division (A.J.M., W.Z., J.L.R., I.G., M.L.A., S.M., R.S.) of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Pathology (M.Q.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.S., S.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (Y.M.), National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Departments of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (A.A.M.W.) and Clinical Genetics (N.H.), Academic Medical Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.16.2041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.046334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00035.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.6.H3003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.96.6.1733"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2003.03177.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","volume":"34","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J Stat Soc [B]. 1972; 34: 187\u2013220.","journal-title":"J Stat Soc [B]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Therneau TM Grambsch PM. Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model. New York NY: Springer-Verlag; 2000.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3294-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90340-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.9.1603"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.635268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.102.10.1178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2004.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384080a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.10.1249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.3.1136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.97.22.2237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00554-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2006.12.015"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.665406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:53:38Z","timestamp":1715561618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.665406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.665406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.106.665406","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1089181.542380","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-04-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}