{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:20:03Z","timestamp":1791897603814,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Cardiac ion channelopathies are responsible for an ever-increasing number and diversity of familial cardiac arrhythmia syndromes. We describe a new clinical entity that consists of an ST-segment elevation in the right precordial ECG leads, a shorter-than-normal QT interval, and a history of sudden cardiac death.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Eighty-two consecutive probands with Brugada syndrome were screened for ion channel gene mutations with direct sequencing. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed, and CHO-K1 cells were cotransfected with cDNAs encoding wild-type or mutant\n                    <jats:italic>CACNB2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v\u03b22b<\/jats:sub>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>CACNA2D1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v\u03b12\u03b41<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and\n                    <jats:italic>CACNA1C<\/jats:italic>\n                    tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.2). Whole-cell patch-clamp studies were performed after 48 to 72 hours. Three probands displaying ST-segment elevation and corrected QT intervals \u2264360 ms had mutations in genes encoding the cardiac L-type calcium channel. Corrected QT ranged from 330 to 370 ms among probands and clinically affected family members. Rate adaptation of QT interval was reduced. Quinidine normalized the QT interval and prevented stimulation-induced ventricular tachycardia. Genetic and heterologous expression studies revealed loss-of-function missense mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>CACNA1C<\/jats:italic>\n                    (A39V and G490R) and\n                    <jats:italic>CACNB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (S481L) encoding the \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    - and \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2b<\/jats:sub>\n                    -subunits of the L-type calcium channel. Confocal microscopy revealed a defect in trafficking of A39V Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.2 channels but normal trafficking of channels containing G490R Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.2 or S481L Ca\n                    <jats:sub>v\u03b22b<\/jats:sub>\n                    -subunits.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    This is the first report of loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding the cardiac L-type calcium channel to be associated with a familial sudden cardiac death syndrome in which a Brugada syndrome phenotype is combined with shorter-than-normal QT intervals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.668392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,16]],"date-time":"2007-01-16T10:32:07Z","timestamp":1168943527000},"page":"442-449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":793,"title":["Loss-of-Function Mutations in the Cardiac Calcium Channel Underlie a New Clinical Entity Characterized by ST-Segment Elevation, Short QT Intervals, and Sudden Cardiac Death"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Antzelevitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido D.","family":"Pollevick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Casis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Sanguinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyasu","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Guerchicoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Wollnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Gelber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Elias P.","family":"Bonaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Burashnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuesheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Sargent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Oberheiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Fern","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Hai\u0308ssaguerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (O.C., M.C.S., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (B.W.), Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany; Cardiovascular Consultants of Long Island (P.G., E.P.B.), New Hyde Park, NY; Department of Internal Medicine (S.S., R.O.), Academic Hospital..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Schimpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Masonic Medical Research Laboratory (C.A., G.D.P., J.M.C., H.A., A.G., R.P., A.O., E.B., Y.W.), Utica, NY; 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