{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:31:29Z","timestamp":1791869489217,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common form of congenital heart disease in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) recipients, yet little is known about the value of ICDs in this patient population.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    We conducted a multicenter cohort study in high-risk patients with Tetralogy of Fallot to determine actuarial rates of ICD discharges, identify risk factors, and characterize ICD-related complications. A total of 121 patients (median age 33.3 years; 59.5% male) were enrolled from 11 sites and followed up for a median of 3.7 years. ICDs were implanted for primary prevention in 68 patients (56.2%) and for secondary prevention in 53 (43.8%), defined by clinical sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia or resuscitated sudden death. Overall, 37 patients (30.6%) received at least 1 appropriate and effective ICD discharge, with a median ventricular tachyarrhythmia rate of 213 bpm. Annual actuarial rates of appropriate ICD shocks were 7.7% and 9.8% in primary and secondary prevention, respectively (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.11). A higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (hazard ratio 1.3 per mm Hg,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.004) and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (hazard ratio 3.7,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.023) independently predicted appropriate ICD shocks in primary prevention. Inappropriate shocks occurred in 5.8% of patients yearly. Additionally, 36 patients (29.8%) experienced complications, of which 6 (5.0%) were acute, 25 (20.7%) were late lead-related, and 7 (5.8%) were late generator-related complications. Nine patients died during follow-up, which corresponds to an actuarial annual mortality rate of 2.2%, which did not differ between the primary and secondary prevention groups.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Patients with tetralogy of Fallot and ICDs for primary and secondary prevention experience high rates of appropriate and effective shocks; however, inappropriate shocks and late lead-related complications are common.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.726372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]],"date-time":"2008-01-02T20:59:14Z","timestamp":1199307554000},"page":"363-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":495,"title":["Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Tetralogy of Fallot"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Khairy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Landzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeetha","family":"Viswanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Gatzoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Beauchesne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Therrien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Chetaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Vonder Muhll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Cecchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Canadian Adult Congenital Heart (CACH) Network (P.K., L.H., A.B., L.B., J.T., E.G., I.V.M.), Canada; Alliance for Congenital heart Quebec Interinstitutional REsearch (ACQUIRE) (P.K., J.T., P.C.), Canada; Leeds General Infirmary (S.V.), Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital (M.A.G.), London, United Kingdom; and Children\u2019s Hospital, (P.K., M.J.L., S.M.F., F.C.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","first-page":"1854","volume":"28","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yap SC, Roos-Hesselink JW, Hoendermis ES, Budts W, Vliegen HW, Mulder BJ, van Dijk AP, Schalij MJ, Drenthen W. 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