{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:08:32Z","timestamp":1792109312181,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Fetal atrioventricular (AV) block is an uncommon lesion with significant mortality. Because of the rarity of this disorder, the natural course, extensive evaluation of untreated fetuses, and late follow-up remain unclear.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Of the 116 consecutive cases of fetal AV block studied from 1988 to 2006, only 1 was terminated, and 75% were live births. Fifty-nine cases of AV block were associated with major structural heart disease, mainly left atrial isomerism (n=40), with only 26% of neonatal survivors. Of the 57 fetuses with normal cardiac anatomy, 41 (72%) were positive for maternal antinuclear antibodies, and 32 of these seropositive mothers did not receive any treatment. This untreated group had live-birth and 1-year infant survival rates of 93% and 90%, respectively. Five fetuses from seronegative mothers showed regression to sinus rhythm during pregnancy. The presence of major structural heart disease, hydrops, an atrial rate \u2264120 bpm, and a ventricular rate \u226455 bpm were identified as risk factors for mortality. Logistic regression analysis of the whole group showed that the presence of structural heart disease was the only independent predictor of death (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    This long-term study confirms that fetal AV block has a poor outcome when associated with structural heart disease and that spontaneous regression of AV block is possible in seronegative forms. The survival rate of &gt;90% of our untreated patients with isolated forms of AV block raises concerns about any decision to intervene with immunosuppressive agents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.735118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,2]],"date-time":"2008-09-02T20:13:30Z","timestamp":1220386410000},"page":"1268-1275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Perinatal Outcome of Fetal Atrioventricular Block"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Lilian M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Cardiology Unit (L.M.L., M.A.B.L., G.M.P.T., A.P.D., M.Z.) and Department of Pathology (R.S.), Hospital das Cli\u0301nicas, and Department of Pathology, Heart Institute (V.D.A.), Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Tavares is now at the Heart Institute of the Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Damiano is now at the Department of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gla\u0301ucia Maria Penha","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Cardiology Unit (L.M.L., M.A.B.L., G.M.P.T., A.P.D., M.Z.) and Department of Pathology (R.S.), Hospital das Cli\u0301nicas, and Department of Pathology, Heart Institute (V.D.A.), Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Tavares is now at the Heart Institute of the Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Damiano is now at the Department of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Damiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Cardiology Unit (L.M.L., M.A.B.L., G.M.P.T., A.P.D., M.Z.) and Department of Pathology (R.S.), Hospital das Cli\u0301nicas, and Department of Pathology, Heart Institute (V.D.A.), Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Tavares is now at the Heart Institute of the Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Damiano is now at the Department of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Anto\u0302nio Borges","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Cardiology Unit (L.M.L., M.A.B.L., G.M.P.T., A.P.D., M.Z.) and Department of Pathology (R.S.), Hospital das Cli\u0301nicas, and Department of Pathology, Heart Institute (V.D.A.), Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Tavares is now at the Heart Institute of the Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Damiano is now at the Department of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera Demarchi","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Cardiology Unit (L.M.L., M.A.B.L., G.M.P.T., A.P.D., M.Z.) and Department of Pathology (R.S.), Hospital das Cli\u0301nicas, and Department of Pathology, Heart Institute (V.D.A.), Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Tavares is now at the Heart Institute of the Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Damiano is now at the Department of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Cardiology Unit (L.M.L., M.A.B.L., G.M.P.T., A.P.D., M.Z.) and Department of Pathology (R.S.), Hospital das Cli\u0301nicas, and Department of Pathology, Heart Institute (V.D.A.), Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Tavares is now at the Heart Institute of the Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Damiano is now at the Department of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Zugaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Cardiology Unit (L.M.L., M.A.B.L., G.M.P.T., A.P.D., M.Z.) and Department of Pathology (R.S.), Hospital das Cli\u0301nicas, and Department of Pathology, Heart Institute (V.D.A.), Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Tavares is now at the Heart Institute of the Sa\u0303o Paulo University Medical School, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil. Dr Damiano is now at the Department of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","first-page":"467","volume":"4","year":"1901","unstructured":"Morquio L. 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