{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:13:32Z","timestamp":1789766012648,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extensive evidence is available that cardiovascular structure and function, along with other biological properties that span the range of organism size and speciation, scale with body size. Although appreciation of such factors is commonplace in pediatrics, cardiovascular measurements in the adult population, with similarly wide variation in body size, are rarely corrected for body size. In this review, we describe the critical role of body size measurements in cardiovascular medicine. Using examples, we illustrate the confounding effects of body size. Current cardiovascular scaling practices are reviewed, as are limitations and alternative relationships between body and cardiovascular dimensions. The experimental evidence, theoretical basis, and clinical application of scaling of various functional parameters are presented. Appropriately scaled parameters aid diagnostic and therapeutic decision making in specific disease states such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Large-scale studies in clinical populations are needed to define normative relationships for this purpose. Lack of appropriate consideration of body size in the evaluation of cardiovascular structure and function may adversely affect recognition and treatment of cardiovascular disease states in the adult patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.736785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,28]],"date-time":"2008-04-28T21:03:29Z","timestamp":1209416609000},"page":"2279-2287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":289,"title":["Does Size Matter?"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Frederick E.","family":"Dewey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.E.D., V.F.F., E.A.A.) and the Division of Pediatric Cardiology (D.R., D.J.M.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.E.D., V.F.F., E.A.A.) and the Division of Pediatric Cardiology (D.R., D.J.M.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Daniel J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.E.D., V.F.F., E.A.A.) and the Division of Pediatric Cardiology (D.R., D.J.M.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor F.","family":"Froelicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.E.D., V.F.F., E.A.A.) and the Division of Pediatric Cardiology (D.R., D.J.M.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euan A.","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.E.D., V.F.F., E.A.A.) and the Division of Pediatric Cardiology (D.R., D.J.M.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","first-page":"R1164","volume":"277","year":"1999","unstructured":"Burness GP, Leary SC, Hochachka PW, Moyes CD. Allometric scaling of RNA, DNA, and enzyme levels: an intraspecific study. Am J Physiol. 1999; 277: R1164\u2013R1170.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002850170001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01501"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012579799"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.05.5988"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2003.03876.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Ogden CL Fryar CD Carroll MD Flegal KM. Mean Body Weight Height and Body Mass Index United States 1960\u20132002. Atlanta Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention US Department of Health and Human Services; 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.13.1593"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.181423"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"592","volume":"92","year":"2004","unstructured":"Whyte GP, George K, Sharma S, Firoozi S, Stephens N, Senior R, McKenna WJ. The upper limit of physiological cardiac hypertrophy in elite male and female athletes: the British experience. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004; 92: 592\u2013597.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540030045030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101313240504"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02270-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"2006\u20132007 Player survey: Mr. Average. NBA Web site. NBA Ventures LLC; 2006. Available at: http:\/\/www.nba.com\/news\/survey_2006.html. Accessed June 11 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"McDowell MA Fryar CD Hirsch R Ogden CL. Anthropometric reference data for children and adults: US population 1999\u20132002. Atlanta Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention US Department of Health and Human Services; 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"High hopes. Time Inc; 2001. Available at: www.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0 8599 187654 00.html. Accessed June 10 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131110-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.613562"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2003.213"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2003.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(97)70222-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2000.1151"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-1-199901050-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1949.2.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1000047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt-Nielsen K. Scaling: Why is Animal Size So Important? New York NY: Cambridge University Press; 1984.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139167826"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","first-page":"416","volume":"34","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sergi G, Lupoli L, Volpato S, Bertani R, Coin A, Perissinotto E, Calliari I, Inelmen EM, Busetto L, Enzi G. Body fluid distribution in elderly subjects with congestive heart failure. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2004; 34: 416\u2013422.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","first-page":"824","volume":"30","year":"1998","unstructured":"George KP, Batterham AM, Jones B. The impact of scalar variable and process on athlete-control comparisons of cardiac dimensions. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998; 30: 824\u2013830.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10351"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199609000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1916.00080130010002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710223171717"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.3.395"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90385-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","first-page":"181","volume":"29","year":"1997","unstructured":"Batterham AM, George KP, Mullineaux DR. Allometric scaling of left ventricular mass by body dimensions in males and females. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997; 29: 181\u2013186.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91048-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.33.2.93"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972823"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2003.3198"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","unstructured":"Clark A. Comparative Physiology of the Heart. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press; 1927."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","first-page":"R100","volume":"241","year":"1981","unstructured":"Holt JP, Rhode EA, Holt WW, Kines H. Geometric similarity of aorta, venae cavae, and certain of their branches in mammals. Am J Physiol. 1981; 241: R100\u2013R104.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1961.200.4.746"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(81)90080-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(80)90255-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.3.453"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.010215"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.6.2172"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","first-page":"1436","volume":"30","year":"1998","unstructured":"Janz KF, Burns TL, Witt JD, Mahoney LT. Longitudinal analysis of scaling VO2 for differences in body size during puberty: the Muscatine Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998; 30: 1436\u20131444.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.95.7.1837"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-923835"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002460010102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000146785.15995.67"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/20144"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-2-31"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(03)00097-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01589"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5420.1677"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0418"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.103.1.131"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.08.032"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.736785","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T06:13:02Z","timestamp":1715580782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.736785"}},"subtitle":["Clinical Applications of Scaling Cardiac Size and Function for Body Size"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.736785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.107.736785","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-04-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}