{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:14:19Z","timestamp":1791213259900,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Considerable progress has been made in recent years toward elucidating a conceptual framework that integrates the dynamic functional structure, mechanical properties, and pathobiological behavior of the cardiac valves. This communication reviews the evolving paradigm of a continuum of heart valve structure, function, and pathobiology and explores its implications. Specifically, we discuss (1) the interactions of valve biology and biomechanics (eg, correlations of function with structure at the cell, tissue, and organ levels and mechanical considerations, development, endothelial cell and interstitial cell biology, extracellular matrix biology, homeostasis, and adaptation to environmental change); (2) mechanisms of disease (eg, valve cell and matrix pathobiology in congenital anomalies, aortic valve calcification, and mitral valve prolapse); (3) considerations in replacement and repair (eg, cell\/matrix biology of tissue valve substitutes and their degeneration and durability of repairs); and (4) the potential for tissue engineering approaches to therapeutic regeneration of the cardiac valves. Opportunities for research and clinical translation are highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.108.805911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,27]],"date-time":"2008-10-27T16:58:20Z","timestamp":1225126700000},"page":"1864-1880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":372,"title":["Evolving Concepts of Cardiac Valve Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Frederick J.","family":"Schoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000115633.19829.5e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000185326.04010.9f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-006-9163-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2006.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.119696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.94.3.368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"250","volume":"9","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chester AH, Misfeld M, Yacoub MH. Receptor-mediated contraction of aortic valve leaflets. J Heart Valve Dis. 2000; 9: 250\u2013255.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"798","volume":"13","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kershaw JD, Misfeld M, Sievers HH, Yacoub MH, Chester AH. Specific regional and directional contractile responses of aortic cusp tissue. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004; 13: 798\u2013803.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"1","volume":"6","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schoen FJ. Aortic valve structure-function correlations: role of elastic fibers no longer a stretch of the imagination. J Heart Valve Dis. 1997; 6: 1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820240611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)33860-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199807)41:1<131::AID-JBM16>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00249-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199609000-00087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2768111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"203","volume":"173","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bashey RI, Bashey HM, Jimenez SA. Characterization of pepsin-solubilized bovine heart-valve collagen. Biochem J. 1978; 173: 203\u2013208.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/22.2.203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"231","volume":"12","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mulholland DL, Gotlieb AI. Cell biology of the valvular interstitial cells. Can J Cardiol. 1996; 12: 231\u2013236.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"875","volume":"11","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dreger SA, Taylor PM, Allen SP, Yacoub MH. Profile and localization of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in human heart valves. J Heart Valve Dis. 2002; 11: 875\u2013880.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000136520.07995.aa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-006-9167-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-008-9501-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2007.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00521.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"62","volume":"17","year":"2008","unstructured":"Butcher JT, Simmons CA, Warnock JN. Mechanobiology of the aortic heart valve. J Heart Valve Dis. 2008; 17: 62\u201373.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.0324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000108582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"41","volume":"13","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gupta V, Werdenberg JA, Blevins TL, Grande-Allen KJ. Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in differently loaded regions of collagen gels seeded with valvular interstitial cells. Tissue Eng. 2008; 13: 41\u201349.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000255691.76142.4a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000130462.50769.5a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000196624.70507.0d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000161998.92009.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000224114.65109.4e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000141146.95728.da"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000206123.94140.f3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000207384.81818.d4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","first-page":"674","volume":"14","year":"2005","unstructured":"Deb A, Wang SH, Skelding K, Miller D, Simper D, Caplice N. Bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts are present in adult human heart valves. J Heart Valve Dis. 2005; 14: 674\u2013678.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(05)43005-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.107.148684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.010694"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","first-page":"673","volume":"2","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bartman T, Walsh EC, Wen KK, McKane M, Ren J, Alexander J, Rubenstein PA, Stainier DY. Early myocardial function effects endocardial cushion development in zebrafish. PloS Biol. 2004; 2: 673\u2013681.","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000269327.83426.d9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.591768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(95)00327-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.104.21.2525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2004.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","first-page":"841","volume":"13","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rabkin-Aikawa E, Farber M, Aikawa M, Schoen FJ. Dynamic and reversible changes of interstitial cell phenotype during development and remodeling of cardiac valves. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004; 13: 841\u2013847.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000147189.85636.c3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.03.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2005.039669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.3.2.295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000157137.59691.0b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000155623.48408.c5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90067-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","first-page":"156","volume":"35","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kim KM. Calcification of matrix vesicles in human aortic valve and aortic media. Fed Proc. 1976; 35: 156\u2013162.","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe0807001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.743161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00090-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.732867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","first-page":"378","volume":"16","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mohler ER III, Wang H, Medenilla E, Scott C. Effect of statin treatment on aortic valve and coronary artery calcification. J Heart Valve Dis. 2007; 16: 378\u2013386.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01221.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010011209064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.103.11.1522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000070591.21548.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.634691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61698-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64482-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000017435.87463.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406073101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70275-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.117621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00626-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90397-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01584-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.569517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00617-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/302624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.104.516930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.08.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.736819"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70450-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)65930-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(89)90211-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","first-page":"142","volume":"113","year":"1983","unstructured":"Levy RJ, Schoen RJ, Levy JT, Nelson AC, Howard SL, Oshry LJ. Biologic determinants of dystrophic calcification and osteocalcin deposition in glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine aortic valve leaflets implanted subcutaneously in rats. Am J Pathol. 1983; 113: 142\u2013155.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","first-page":"523","volume":"52","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schoen FJ, Levy RJ, Nelson AC, Bernhard WF, Nashef A, Hawley M. Onset and progression of experimental bioprosthetic heart valve calcification. Lab Invest. 1985; 52: 523\u2013532.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","first-page":"143","volume":"23","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schoen FJ, Tsao JW, Levy RJ. Calcification of bovine pericardium used in cardiac valve bioprostheses: implications for mechanisms of bioprosthetic tissue mineralization. Am J Pathol. 1986; 23: 143\u2013154.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","first-page":"12.","volume":"119","year":"1985","unstructured":"Valente M, Bortolotti U, Thiene G. Ultrastructural substrates of dystrophic calcification in porcine bioprosthetic valve failure. Am J Pathol. 1985; 119: 12.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","first-page":"93","volume":"66","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bailey MT, Pillarisetti S, Xiao H, Vyavahare NR. Role of elastin in pathologic calcification of xenograft heart valves. J Biomed Mater Res. 2003; 66: 93\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","first-page":"471","volume":"10","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vesely I, Barber JE, Ratliff NB. Tissue damage and calcification may be independent mechanisms of bioprosthetic heart valve failure. J Heart Valve Dis. 2001; 10: 471\u2013477.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10293"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacks MS Engelmayr GC Hildebrand D. Bioreactors for heart valve tissue engineering. In: Chaduri J Al-Rubeai M eds. Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering. Dordrecht Netherlands: Springer; 2005: 235\u2013267.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3741-4_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.102.suppl_3.III-44"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.104.498378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2004.12.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","first-page":"159","volume":"114","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hoerstrup SP, Cummings I, Lachat M, Schoen FJ, Jenni R, Leschka S, Neuenschwander S, Schmidt D, Mol A, Gunter C, Gossi M, Genoni M, Zund G. Functional growth in tissue engineered living, vascular grafts: follow-up to 100 weeks in a large animal model. Circulation. 2006; 114: 159\u2013166.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.a.2007.0148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.01.087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.2601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","first-page":"16","volume":"83","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brody S, Pandit A. Approaches to heart valve tissue engineering scaffold design. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2007; 83: 16\u201343.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.001065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.04.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(03)00094-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","first-page":"769","volume":"9","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matheny RG, Hutchison ML, Dryden PE, Hiles MD, Shaar CJ. Porcine small intestine submucosa as a pulmonary valve leaflet substitute. J Heart Valve Dis. 2000; 9: 769\u2013775.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","unstructured":"Kumar V Abbas AK Fausto N eds. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th ed. New York NY: Elsevier-Saunders; 2004: 53\u201362."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00364.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.09.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.107.148932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.104.504407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_2","first-page":"97","volume":"14","year":"2008","unstructured":"Markway BD, McCarty OJT, Marzec UM, Courtman DW, Hanson SR, Hinds MT. Capture of flowing endothelial cells using surface-immobilized anti-kinase insert domain receptor antibody. Tissue Eng: Part C. 2008; 14: 97\u2013105.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng: Part C"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.805911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T02:08:46Z","timestamp":1715566126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.805911"}},"subtitle":["The Continuum of Development, Functional Structure, Pathobiology, and Tissue Engineering"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,28]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.805911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.108.805911","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-10-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}