{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T03:23:40Z","timestamp":1794108220965,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Cerebral arteriopathies, including an idiopathic focal cerebral arteriopathy of childhood (FCA), are common in children with arterial ischemic stroke and strongly predictive of recurrence. To better understand these lesions, we measured predictors of arteriopathy within a large international series of children with arterial ischemic stroke.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Between January 2003 and July 2007, 30 centers within the International Pediatric Stroke Study enrolled 667 children (age, 29 days to 19 years) with arterial ischemic stroke and abstracted clinical and radiographic data. Cerebral arteriopathy and its subtypes were defined using published definitions; FCA was defined as cerebral arterial stenosis not attributed to specific diagnoses such as moyamoya, arterial dissection, vasculitis, or postvaricella angiopathy. We used multivariate logistic regression techniques to determine predictors of arteriopathy and FCA among those subjects who received vascular imaging. Of 667 subjects, 525 had known vascular imaging results, and 53% of those (n=277) had an arteriopathy. The most common arteriopathies were FCA (n=69, 25%), moyamoya (n=61, 22%), and arterial dissection (n=56, 20%). Predictors of arteriopathy include early school age (5 to 9 years), recent upper respiratory infections, and sickle cell disease, whereas prior cardiac disease and sepsis reduced the risk of arteriopathy. The only predictor of FCA was recent upper respiratory infection.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Arteriopathy is prevalent among children with arterial ischemic stroke, particularly those presenting in early school age, and those with a history of sickle cell disease. Recent upper respiratory infection predicted cerebral arteriopathy and FCA in particular, suggesting a possible role for infection in the pathogenesis of these lesions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.108.806307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]],"date-time":"2009-03-03T02:38:11Z","timestamp":1236047891000},"page":"1417-1423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":305,"title":["Predictors of Cerebral Arteriopathy in Children With Arterial Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Amlie-Lefond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.A.-L.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado and Children\u2019s Hospital, Denver (T.J.B.); Service de Neuropediatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (G.S.); Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.A.-L.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado and Children\u2019s Hospital, Denver (T.J.B.); Service de Neuropediatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (G.S.); Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Se\u0301bire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.A.-L.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado and Children\u2019s Hospital, Denver (T.J.B.); Service de Neuropediatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (G.S.); Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil R.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.A.-L.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado and Children\u2019s Hospital, Denver (T.J.B.); Service de Neuropediatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (G.S.); Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey L.","family":"Heyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.A.-L.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado and Children\u2019s Hospital, Denver (T.J.B.); Service de Neuropediatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (G.S.); Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma B.","family":"Lerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.A.-L.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado and Children\u2019s Hospital, Denver (T.J.B.); Service de Neuropediatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (G.S.); Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"deVeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.A.-L.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado and Children\u2019s Hospital, Denver (T.J.B.); Service de Neuropediatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (G.S.); Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Fullerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.A.-L.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado and Children\u2019s Hospital, Denver (T.J.B.); Service de Neuropediatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (G.S.); Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11520-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0000144441.29899.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1964.21.7.0540"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00014336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"288","volume":"91","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ohene-Frempong K, Weiner SJ, Sleeper LA, Miller ST, Embury S, Moohr JW, Wethers DL, Pegelow CH, Gill FM. 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