{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:47:51Z","timestamp":1780544871496,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>In animal studies and a pilot trial in patients with congestive heart failure, the thyroid hormone analog 3,5 diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA) had beneficial hemodynamic effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>This was a phase II multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of New York Heart Association class II to IV congestive heart failure patients randomized (2:1) to DITPA or placebo and treated for 6 months. The study enrolled 86 patients (n=57 to DITPA, n=29 to placebo). The primary objective was to assess the effect of DITPA on a composite congestive heart failure end point that classifies patients as improved, worsened, or unchanged based on symptom changes and morbidity\/mortality. DITPA was poorly tolerated, which obscured the interpretation of congestive heart failure-specific effects. Fatigue and gastrointestinal complaints, in particular, were more frequent in the DITPA group. DITPA increased cardiac index (by 18%) and decreased systemic vascular resistance (by 11%), serum cholesterol (\u221220%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (\u221230%), and body weight (\u221211 lb). Thyroid-stimulating hormone was suppressed in patients given DITPA, which reflects its thyromimetic effect; however, no symptoms or signs of potential hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis were seen.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>DITPA improved some hemodynamic and metabolic parameters, but there was no evidence for symptomatic benefit in congestive heart failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.108.834424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,9]],"date-time":"2009-06-09T02:09:53Z","timestamp":1244513393000},"page":"3093-3100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["DITPA (3,5-Diiodothyropropionic Acid), a Thyroid Hormone Analog to Treat Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Goldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"McCarren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Morkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Ladenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Edson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Ohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoang","family":"Thai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Churby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Barnhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inder","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberta","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brack","family":"Hattler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Dunlap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Erikson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Chiung","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"Lavori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (S.G., J.O., H.T.), Tucson, Ariz; VA Pharmacy Benefits Management (M.M.), Hines, Ill; University of Arizona (E.M.), Tucson, Ariz; Johns Hopkins University (P.W.L.), Baltimore, Md; R&amp;D Service (R.E., L.C., M.-C.S., P.L.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; R&amp;D Service (S.W., J.B.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM; Cardiology (T.O.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Cardiology (I.A.),..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.102.10.1076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"American Heart Association. 2001 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas Tex: American Heart Association; 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.88.3.8353891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.91.3.794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000063110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2001.25652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02602348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services; Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: E6 Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated Guidance (ICH-E6). Rockville Md: Drug Information Branch Center or Drug Evaluation and Research; 1996. Available at: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/cder\/guidance\/959fnl.pdf. Accessed June 9 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199801000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"49","volume":"10","year":"1988","unstructured":"Klein I, Trepacz PT, Roberts M, Levey GS. Symptom rating scale for hyperthyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1988; 10: 49\u201355.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"255","volume":"38","year":"1969","unstructured":"Billewicz WZ, Chapman RS, Crooks J, Day ME, Gossage J, Wayne E. Statistical methods applied to the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Q J Med. 1969; 38: 255\u2013266.","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10319-4","volume":"263","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pennock GD, Raya TE, Bahl JJ, Goldman S, Morkin E. Cardiac effects of 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid: a thyroid hormone analog with inotropic selectivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992; 263: 163\u2013169.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"901","volume":"75","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sherman SI, Ladenson PW. Organ-specific effects of tiratricol: a thyroid hormone analog with hepatic, not pituitary, superagonist effects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992; 75: 901\u2013905.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1633737100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2007.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00950-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9164(99)90022-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530330031025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512073332302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10319-4","volume":"263","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pennock GD, Raya TE, Bahl JJ, Goldman S, Morkin E. Cardiac effects of 3,5-diiodothyroproprionic acid, a thyroid analog with inotropic selectivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992; 263: 163\u2013169.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-996-0007-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"1541","volume":"27","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF Jr, Benza R, Bourge R, Colucci WS, Massie BM, O'Connor CM, Pina I, Quigg R, Silver MA, Gheorghiade M. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002; 27: 287: 1541\u20131547.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.6part2.55S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(98)00054-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.10.1295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01773-4"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.834424","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T01:35:17Z","timestamp":1739151317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.834424"}},"subtitle":["Phase II Trial Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.834424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.108.834424","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-06-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}