{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:22:48Z","timestamp":1791638568756,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A low cardiovascular disease risk profile (untreated cholesterol &lt;200 mg\/dL, untreated blood pressure &lt;120\/&lt;80 mm Hg, never smoking, and no history of diabetes mellitus or myocardial infarction) in middle age is associated with markedly better health outcomes in older age, but few middle-aged adults have this low risk profile. We examined whether adopting a healthy lifestyle throughout young adulthood is associated with the presence of the low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study sample consisted of 3154 black and white participants 18 to 30 years of age at year 0 (1985\u20131986) who attended the year 0, 7, and 20 examinations. Healthy lifestyle factors defined at years 0, 7, and 20 included average body mass index &lt;25 kg\/m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              , no or moderate alcohol intake, higher healthy diet score, higher physical activity score, and never smoking. Mean age (25 years) and percentage of women (56%) were comparable across groups defined by number of healthy lifestyle factors. The age-, sex-, and race-adjusted prevalences of low cardiovascular disease risk profile at year 20 were 3.0%, 14.6%, 29.5%, 39.2%, and 60.7% for people with 0 or 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 healthy lifestyle factors, respectively (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              for trend &lt;0.0001). Similar graded relationships were observed for each sex-race group (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              for trend &lt;0.0001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Maintaining a healthy lifestyle throughout young adulthood is strongly associated with a low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age. Public health and individual efforts are needed to improve the adoption and maintenance of healthy lifestyles in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.111.060681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T08:03:09Z","timestamp":1327996989000},"page":"996-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":329,"title":["Healthy Lifestyle Through Young Adulthood and the Presence of Low Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in Middle Age"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Kiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (K.L., M.L.D., L.A.C., B.S., A.C.M., D.M.L.-J.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha L.","family":"Daviglus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (K.L., M.L.D., L.A.C., B.S., A.C.M., D.M.L.-J.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Loria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (K.L., M.L.D., L.A.C., B.S., A.C.M., D.M.L.-J.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Colangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (K.L., M.L.D., L.A.C., B.S., A.C.M., D.M.L.-J.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Spring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (K.L., M.L.D., L.A.C., B.S., A.C.M., D.M.L.-J.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.M.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlen C.","family":"Moller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (K.L., M.L.D., L.A.C., B.S., A.C.M., D.M.L.-J.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, 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