{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:57:41Z","timestamp":1793066261334,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"25","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), a noninflammatory disease of medium-size arteries, may lead to stenosis, occlusion, dissection, and\/or aneurysm. There has been little progress in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and outcomes since its first description in 1938.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical features, presenting symptoms, and vascular events are reviewed for the first 447 patients enrolled in a national FMD registry from 9 US sites. Vascular beds were imaged selectively based on clinical presentation and local practice. The majority of patients were female (91%) with a mean age at diagnosis of 51.9 (SD 13.4 years; range, 5\u201383 years). Hypertension, headache, and pulsatile tinnitus were the most common presenting symptoms of the disease. Self-reported family history of stroke (53.5%), aneurysm (23.5%), and sudden death (19.8%) were common, but FMD in first- or second-degree relatives was reported only in 7.3%. FMD was identified in the renal artery in 294 patients, extracranial carotid arteries in 251 patients, and vertebral arteries in 82 patients. A past or presenting history of vascular events were common: 19.2% of patients had a transient ischemic attack or stroke, 19.7% had experienced arterial dissection(s), and 17% of patients had an aneurysm(s). The most frequent indications for therapy were hypertension, aneurysm, and dissection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this registry, FMD occurred primarily in middle-aged women, although it presents across the lifespan. Cerebrovascular FMD occurred as frequently as renal FMD. Although a significant proportion of FMD patients may present with a serious vascular event, many present with nonspecific symptoms and a subsequent delay in diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.112.091223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,21]],"date-time":"2012-05-21T23:12:20Z","timestamp":1337641940000},"page":"3182-3190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":513,"title":["The United States Registry for Fibromuscular Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Olin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Froehlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokui","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Michael","family":"Bacharach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Eagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce H.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Jaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther S.H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"Mace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"McBane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Kline-Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Gornik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.W.O.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (J.F., X.G., K.E., E.K.-R.); North Central Heart, Sioux Falls, SD (J.M.B.); Vascular Health Alliance, Greenville, SC (B.H.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.R.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (E.S.H.K., H.L.G.); Fibromuscular Dysplasia Society of America, Rocky River, OH (P.M.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.H.M.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.M.);..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.10.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032393"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2010.00445.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02577.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.172.1.2662248"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-28"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.214.3.r00mr18755"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)71895-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Pathologic classification of renal arterial disease in renovascular hypertension","volume":"46","author":"Harrison EG","year":"1971","unstructured":"Harrison EG, McCormack LJ . 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