{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:46:15Z","timestamp":1782603975091,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cocaine is a major cause of acute coronary syndrome, especially in young adults; however, the mechanistic underpinning of cocaine-induced acute coronary syndrome remains limited. Previous studies in animals and in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization suggest that cocaine constricts coronary microvessels, yet direct evidence is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We used myocardial contrast echocardiography to test the hypothesis that cocaine causes vasoconstriction in the human coronary microcirculation. Measurements were performed at baseline and after a low, nonintoxicating dose of intranasal cocaine (2 mg\/kg) in 10 healthy cocaine-na\u00efve young men (median age, 32 years). Postdestruction time-intensity myocardial contrast echocardiography kinetic data were fit to the equation y=A(1\u2212e\n              <jats:sup>\u2212\u03b2t<\/jats:sup>\n              ) to quantify functional capillary blood volume (A), microvascular flow velocity (\u03b2), and myocardial perfusion (A\u00d7\u03b2). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and left ventricular work (2-dimensional echocardiography) were measured before and 45 minutes after cocaine. Cocaine increased mean arterial pressure (by 14\u00b12 mm Hg [mean\u00b1SE]), heart rate (by 8\u00b13 bpm), and left ventricular work (by 50\u00b118 mm Hg\u00b7mL\n              <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n              \u00b7bpm\n              <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n              ). Despite the increases in these determinants of myocardial oxygen demand, myocardial perfusion decreased by 30% (103.7\u00b19.8 to 75.9\u00b110.8 arbitrary units [AU]\/s;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01) mainly as a result of decreased capillary blood volume (133.9\u00b15.1 to 111.7\u00b17.7 AU;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05) with no significant change in microvascular flow velocity (0.8\u00b10.1 to 0.7\u00b10.1 AU).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In healthy cocaine-na\u00efve young adults, a low-dose cocaine challenge evokes a sizeable decrease in myocardial perfusion. Moreover, the predominant effect is to decrease myocardial capillary blood volume rather than microvascular flow velocity, suggesting a specific action of cocaine to constrict terminal feed arteries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.113.002937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,29]],"date-time":"2013-06-29T07:45:55Z","timestamp":1372491955000},"page":"598-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cocaine-Induced Vasoconstriction in the Human Coronary Microcirculation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Swaminatha V.","family":"Gurudevan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Rader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Johannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Todd","family":"Belcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Elashoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald G.","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From The Heart Institute (S.V.G., M.D.N., F.R., X.T., R.G.V) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.L., J.J.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland (J.T.B., J.R.L.); and Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188950"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/94bbf1f4-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.203554"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.5.497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912073212301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.13.1270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00279-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430110100011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90617-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-12-897"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90092-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"105","article-title":"Evaluation of the Datascope Accutorr Plus according to the recommendations of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation.","volume":"2","author":"Anwar YA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Anwar YA, Tendler BE, McCabe EJ, Mansoor GA, White WB. Evaluation of the Datascope Accutorr Plus according to the recommendations of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Blood Press Monit. 1997;2:105\u2013110.","journal-title":"Blood Press Monit"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2005.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.50.2.273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mje.2002.121275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.5.473"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"969","article-title":"Cocaine use by the otolaryngologist: a survey.","volume":"84","author":"Johns ME","year":"1977","unstructured":"Johns ME, Henderson RL. Cocaine use by the otolaryngologist: a survey. Trans Sect Otolaryngol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1977;84:969\u2013973.","journal-title":"Trans Sect Otolaryngol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104714"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"H2100","article-title":"Morphometry of pig coronary venous system.","volume":"267","author":"Kassab GS","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kassab GS, Lin DH, Fung YC. Morphometry of pig coronary venous system. Am J Physiol. 1994;267(pt 2):H2100\u2013H2113.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3801.095694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.21.2560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00451.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.08.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00498.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.12.2682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00021.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.6.1418"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0894-7317(03)00423-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00497.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960150407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(89)90226-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","first-page":"309","article-title":"Cocaine depresses the canine myocardium.","volume":"28","author":"Abel FL","year":"1989","unstructured":"Abel FL, Wilson SP, Zhao RR, Fennell WH. Cocaine depresses the canine myocardium. Circ Shock. 1989;28:309\u2013319.","journal-title":"Circ Shock"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.3.1012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15227.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-8807(94)90039-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1819"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Imaging of cocaine-induced global and regional myocardial ischemia.","volume":"32","author":"Oster ZH","year":"1991","unstructured":"Oster ZH, Som P, Wang GJ, Weber DA. Imaging of cocaine-induced global and regional myocardial ischemia. J Nucl Med. 1991;32:1569\u20131572.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90396-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00547-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90142-A"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002937","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T06:45:32Z","timestamp":1715582732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002937"}},"subtitle":["New Evidence From Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.113.002937","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-06-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-06-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}