{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:02:59Z","timestamp":1792065779288,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although moderate alcohol use is associated with protection against myocardial infarction (MI), it is not known whether this effect is generalizable to populations worldwide. It is also uncertain whether differences in the pattern of alcohol use (and in particular heavy episodic consumption) between different regions negate any beneficial effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 12 195 cases of first MI and 15 583 age- and sex-matched controls from 52 countries. Current alcohol use was associated with a reduced risk of MI (compared with nonusers: adjusted odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.80\u20130.94;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001); however, the strength of this association was not uniform across different regions (region-alcohol interaction\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Heavy episodic drinking (\u22656 drinks) within the preceding 24 hours was associated with an increased risk of MI (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1\u20131.9;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01). This risk was particularly elevated in older individuals (for age &gt;65 years: odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.6\u201318;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.008).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In most participants, low levels of alcohol use are associated with a moderate reduction in the risk of MI; however, the strength of this association may not be uniform across different countries. An episode of heavy drinking is associated with an increased risk of acute MI in the subsequent 24 hours, particularly in older individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.113.007627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T09:07:53Z","timestamp":1402909673000},"page":"390-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Myocardial Infarction Risk"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Darryl P.","family":"Leong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koon K.","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumathy","family":"Rangarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prem","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia S.","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John\u2019s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.19.2145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/ags021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689809100802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60941-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/136.7.819"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000213641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17018-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.114974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","volume-title":"U.S. Alcohol Epidemiologic Data Reference Manual","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in the United States, a 3-year follow-up, Sep 2010. U.S. Alcohol Epidemiologic Data Reference Manual. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health. 2010:Vol 8;No. 2."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.738716"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17019-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61076-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d636"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.15.4.287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2006.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00530.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199703000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.537704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2013.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2012.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7088.1159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(85)90109-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328364a27f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-013-9808-9"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007627","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T02:52:04Z","timestamp":1715568724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007627"}},"subtitle":["Observations From 52 Countries in the INTERHEART Case\u2013Control Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.113.007627","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-05-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}