{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:43:27Z","timestamp":1790883807280,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Noninvasive detection of deep venous thrombi and subsequent pulmonary thromboembolism is a serious medical challenge, since both incidences are difficult to identify by conventional ultrasound techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we report a novel technique for the sensitive and specific identification of developing thrombi using background-free\n                      <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>\n                      F magnetic resonance imaging, together with \u03b12-antiplasmin peptide (\u03b12\n                      <jats:sup>AP<\/jats:sup>\n                      )\u2013targeted perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCs) as contrast agent, which is cross-linked to fibrin by active factor XIII. Ligand functionality was ensured by mild coupling conditions using the sterol-based postinsertion technique. Developing thrombi with a diameter &lt;0.8 mm could be visualized unequivocally in the murine inferior vena cava as hot spots in vivo by simultaneous acquisition of anatomic matching\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H and\n                      <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>\n                      F magnetic resonance images at 9.4 T with both excellent signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios (71\u00b122 and 17\u00b15, respectively). Furthermore, \u03b12\n                      <jats:sup>AP<\/jats:sup>\n                      -PFCs could be successfully applied for the diagnosis of experimentally induced pulmonary thromboembolism. In line with the reported half-life of factor XIIIa, application of \u03b12\n                      <jats:sup>AP<\/jats:sup>\n                      -PFCs &gt;60 minutes after thrombus induction no longer resulted in detectable\n                      <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>\n                      F magnetic resonance imaging signals. Corresponding results were obtained in ex vivo generated human clots. Thus, \u03b12\n                      <jats:sup>AP<\/jats:sup>\n                      -PFCs can visualize freshly developed thrombi that might still be susceptible to pharmacological intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results demonstrate that\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H\/\n                      <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>\n                      F magnetic resonance imaging, together with \u03b12\n                      <jats:sup>AP<\/jats:sup>\n                      -PFCs, is a sensitive, noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombi and pulmonary thromboemboli. Furthermore, ligand coupling by the sterol-based postinsertion technique represents a unique platform for the specific targeting of PFCs for in vivo\n                      <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>\n                      F magnetic resonance imaging.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.114.010962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]],"date-time":"2015-02-21T02:32:39Z","timestamp":1424485959000},"page":"1405-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Noninvasive Imaging of Early Venous Thrombosis by\n                    <sup>19<\/sup>\n                    F Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Targeted Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Temme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Grapentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Quast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Grandoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoping","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Owenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Mayenfels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens W.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Fl\u00f6gel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Kardiologie (S.T., C.Q., C.J., Z.D., C.O., J.S., U.F.), Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und klinische Pharmakologie (M.G., J.W.F.), and Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (J.W.F., J.S., U.F.), Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; Institut f\u00fcr Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany (C.G., F.M., R.S.); and Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1343891"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)81618-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2007.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0178-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302931"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.522110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.529941"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-0965-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181b092a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.2.299"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.10.1151"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000134484.11052.44"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2009.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200300602"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3531"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1168"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.23034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.902312"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.737890"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03372.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003717"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018246"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-013-0391-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","volume-title":"Fluorcarbonhaltige Nanoemulsionen zur Anwendung in der 1H\/19F-Magnetresonanztomographie","author":"Mayenfels F.","unstructured":"Mayenfels F.Fluorcarbonhaltige Nanoemulsionen zur Anwendung in der 1H\/19F-Magnetresonanztomographie Albert-Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg i. 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