{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:38:33Z","timestamp":1790444313044,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Coronary spastic angina (CSA) is a common disease among East Asians, including Japanese. The prevalence of alcohol flushing syndrome associated with deficient activity of the variant aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (\n              <jats:italic>ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n              ) genotype is prevalent among East Asians. We examined whether CSA is associated with the\n              <jats:italic>ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n              genotype in Japanese.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The study subjects consisted of 202 patients in whom intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was performed by angiography on suspicion of CSA (119 men and 83 women; mean age, 66.2\u00b111.4 years). They were divided into CSA (112 patients) and control groups (90 patients).\n              <jats:italic>ALDH2<\/jats:italic>\n              genotyping was performed by the direct application of the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction system on dried whole blood. Clinical and laboratory data were examined using conventional methods. The frequencies of male sex,\n              <jats:italic>ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n              genotype carriers, alcohol flushing syndrome, tobacco smoking, and the plasma level of uric acid were higher (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001, and\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.007, respectively) and the plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) in the CSA group than in the control group. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that\n              <jats:italic>ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n              genotype and smoking were significantly associated with CSA (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001 and\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.024, respectively).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              East Asian variant\n              <jats:italic>ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n              genotypes and, hence, deficient ALDH2 activity were associated with CSA in Japanese. These data support further investigation of treatment targeting aldehydes for CSA.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.114.013120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T03:27:15Z","timestamp":1426044435000},"page":"1665-1673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["East Asian Variant of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Is Associated With Coronary Spastic Angina"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Yuji","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eisaku","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumio","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Hayashida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Shono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyoaki","family":"Murohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michihiro","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Yasue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.M., E.H., S.M., M.S., H.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (S.M., T.M.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Japan (K.K., M.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan (Y.M.); Nakayama Cardiovascular Clinic, Amakusa, Japan (M.N.); and Division..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2008.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-74-0802"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.10.1102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009219"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2009.00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.59.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02360.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"In: Goodman & Gilman\u2019s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Schuckit MA.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schuckit MA. 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