{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:11:40Z","timestamp":1790291500005,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a lack of data on the comparative efficacy and procedural safety of open irrigated radiofrequency (RF) and cryoballoon catheter (CB) ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a prospective, noninferiority study, 315 patients were randomly assigned to RF (n=159) or CB (n=156) ablation. The primary end point was freedom from atrial arrhythmia with absence of persistent complications. Patients were largely comparable between groups with more vascular disease in the RF group (8.2% versus 2.6% for CB;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.028). The primary end point at 12 months was achieved by 70.7% with RF and 73.6% with CB (multiple procedure success), including 31 redo procedures in each group (19.5% of RF versus 19.9% of CB;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.933). For the intention-to-treat population, noninferiority of CB was revealed for the predefined inferiority margin (risk difference, 0.029; 95% confidence interval, \u22120.074 to 0.132;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Rates at 6 months were 63.1% and 64.1% for the RF and CB groups (single procedure success), and noninferiority was confirmed (risk difference, 0.010; 95% confidence interval, \u22120.097 to 0.116;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002). Periprocedural complications for the index procedure were more frequent in the CB group (5.0% RF, 12.2% CB;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.022) with a significant difference in phrenic nerve palsies (0% RF, 5.8% CB;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This large, prospective, randomized, controlled study demonstrates noninferiority of CB ablation versus RF ablation for treating patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Unique identifier: NCT00774566.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.016871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]],"date-time":"2015-08-17T22:39:37Z","timestamp":1439851177000},"page":"1311-1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":243,"title":["Cryoballoon Versus Open Irrigated Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Armin","family":"Luik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Radzewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meinhard","family":"Kieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bramlage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"H\u00f6rmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Brinkmeier-Theofanopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Kunzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Riexinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Schymik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.K., K.K.); and Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Mahlow, Germany (P.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medizinische Klinik IV, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany (A.L., A.R., M.W., P.H., K.S., N.H., M.B.-T., T.R., G.S., M.M., C.S.); 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