{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:10:23Z","timestamp":1790665823955,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is commonly reported as 1 in 500. European reports suggest a higher prevalence; the US FH prevalence is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 1999 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants \u226520 years of age (n=36 949) were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of FH with available Dutch Lipid Clinic criteria, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and personal and family history of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Prevalence and confidence intervals of probable\/definite FH were calculated for the overall population and by age, sex, obesity status (body mass index \u226530 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and race\/ethnicity. Results were extrapolated to the 210 million US adults \u226520 years of age. The estimated overall US prevalence of probable\/definite FH was 0.40% (95% confidence interval, 0.32\u20130.48) or 1 in 250 (95% confidence interval, 1 in 311 to 209), suggesting that 834 500 US adults have FH. Prevalence varied by age, being least common in 20 to 29 year olds (0.06%, 1 in 1557) and most common in 60 to 69 year olds (0.85%, 1 in 118). FH prevalence was similar in men and women (0.40%, 1 in 250) but varied by race\/ethnicity (whites: 0.40%, 1 in 249; blacks: 0.47%, 1 in 211; Mexican Americans: 0.24%, 1 in 414; other races: 0.29%, 1 in 343). More obese participants qualified as probable\/definite FH (0.58%, 1 in 172) than nonobese (0.31%, 1 in 325).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FH, defined with Dutch Lipid Clinic criteria available in NHANES, affects 1 in 250 US adults. Variations in prevalence by age and obesity status suggest that clinical criteria may not be sufficient to estimate FH prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.018791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T16:24:02Z","timestamp":1457972642000},"page":"1067-1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":349,"title":["Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the 1999 to 2012 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Sarah D.","family":"de Ferranti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, MA (S.D.d.F., M.M.M.); Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (A.M.R., L.K.L., R.C.S.) and Division of Clinical Decision Making (J.B.W.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie Mae","family":"Rodday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, MA (S.D.d.F., M.M.M.); Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (A.M.R., L.K.L., R.C.S.) and Division of Clinical Decision Making (J.B.W.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Mendelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, MA (S.D.d.F., M.M.M.); Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (A.M.R., L.K.L., R.C.S.) and Division of Clinical Decision Making (J.B.W.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, MA (S.D.d.F., M.M.M.); Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (A.M.R., L.K.L., R.C.S.) and Division of Clinical Decision Making (J.B.W.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel K.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, MA (S.D.d.F., M.M.M.); Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (A.M.R., L.K.L., R.C.S.) and Division of Clinical Decision Making (J.B.W.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Christopher","family":"Sheldrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, MA (S.D.d.F., M.M.M.); Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (A.M.R., L.K.L., R.C.S.) and Division of Clinical Decision Making (J.B.W.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.04.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1563"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes.htm. Accessed October 4 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Nutrition Physical Activity and Obesity Web site. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyweight\/assessing\/index.html. Accessed October 4 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.13260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"Familial hypercholesterolemia: report of a second WHO Consultation","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1999","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Familial hypercholesterolemia: report of a second WHO Consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1999. WHO publication No. WHO\/HGN\/FH\/CONS\/99.2."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-007-0070-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-4-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: analytic guidelines, 1999\u20132010.","author":"Johnson CL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson CL, Paulose-Ram R, Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kruszon-Moran D, Dohrmann SM, Curtin LR. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: analytic guidelines, 1999\u20132010. Vital Health Stat 2. 2013:1\u201324.","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61368-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2107C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90155-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6807.893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T03:03:07Z","timestamp":1715569387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.115.018791","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}