{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:04:54Z","timestamp":1785427494917,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although some evidence shows that neighborhood deprivation is associated with greater subclinical atherosclerosis, prior studies have not identified what aspects of deprived neighborhoods were driving the association.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We investigated whether social and physical neighborhood characteristics are related to the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in 5950 adult participants of the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) during a 12-year follow-up period. We assessed subclinical disease using coronary artery calcium (CAC). Neighborhood features examined included density of recreational facilities, density of healthy food stores, and survey-based measures of availability of healthy foods, walking environment, and social environment. We used econometric fixed-effects models to investigate how change in a given neighborhood exposure is related to simultaneous change in subclinical atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Increases in density of neighborhood healthy food stores were associated with decreases in CAC (mean changes in CAC Agatston units per 1-SD increase in neighborhood exposures, \u221219.99; 95% confidence interval, \u221235.21 to \u22124.78) after adjustment for time-varying demographic confounders and computed tomography scanner type. This association remained similar in magnitude after additional adjustment for time-varying behavioral risk factors and depression. The addition of time-varying biomedical factors attenuated associations with CAC slightly (mean changes in CAC per 1-SD increase in neighborhood exposures, \u221217.60; 95% confidence interval, \u221232.71 to \u22122.49). Changes across time in other neighborhood measures were not significantly associated with within-person change in CAC.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Results from this longitudinal study provide suggestive evidence that greater access to neighborhood healthy food resources may slow the development of coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged and older adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.020534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]],"date-time":"2016-08-15T20:32:26Z","timestamp":1471293146000},"page":"504-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Change in Neighborhood Characteristics and Change in Coronary Artery Calcium"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Wing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Public Health, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI (J.J.W.); Departments of Epidemiology (E.A., S.D.A.) and Biostatistics (B.S.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (A.L.D.) and Epidemiology (A.H.), University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S., M.C.T.); and Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"August","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Public Health, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI (J.J.W.); Departments of Epidemiology (E.A., S.D.A.) and Biostatistics (B.S.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (A.L.D.) and Epidemiology (A.H.), University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S., M.C.T.); and Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara D.","family":"Adar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Public Health, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI (J.J.W.); Departments of Epidemiology (E.A., S.D.A.) and Biostatistics (B.S.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (A.L.D.) and Epidemiology (A.H.), University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S., M.C.T.); and Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Dannenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Public Health, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI (J.J.W.); Departments of Epidemiology (E.A., S.D.A.) and Biostatistics (B.S.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (A.L.D.) and Epidemiology (A.H.), University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S., M.C.T.); and Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjum","family":"Hajat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Public Health, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI (J.J.W.); Departments of Epidemiology (E.A., S.D.A.) and Biostatistics (B.S.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (A.L.D.) and Epidemiology (A.H.), University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S., M.C.T.); and Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brisa N.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Public Health, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI (J.J.W.); Departments of Epidemiology (E.A., S.D.A.) and Biostatistics (B.S.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (A.L.D.) and Epidemiology (A.H.), University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S., M.C.T.); and Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Public Health, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI (J.J.W.); Departments of Epidemiology (E.A., S.D.A.) and Biostatistics (B.S.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (A.L.D.) and Epidemiology (A.H.), University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S., M.C.T.); and Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Tattersall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Public Health, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI (J.J.W.); Departments of Epidemiology (E.A., S.D.A.) and Biostatistics (B.S.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (A.L.D.) and Epidemiology (A.H.), University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S., M.C.T.); and Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana V.","family":"Diez Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Public Health, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI (J.J.W.); Departments of Epidemiology (E.A., S.D.A.) and Biostatistics (B.S.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (A.L.D.) and Epidemiology (A.H.), University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S., M.C.T.); and Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-466"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.125138"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.08.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.056960"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-008-9292-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90282-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","unstructured":"ArcGIS [computer program]. 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