{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:18Z","timestamp":1792195218051,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) continues to increase in developing countries, including China, recent data are lacking. A nationwide survey was conducted from October 2012 to December 2015 to assess the prevalence of HTN in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of 451\u2009755 residents \u226518 years of age from 31 provinces in mainland China from October 2012 to December 2015. Blood pressure (BP) was measured after resting for 5 minutes by trained staff using a validated oscillometric BP monitor. HTN was defined as systolic BP (SBP) \u2265140 mm\u2009Hg\/or diastolic BP (DBP) \u226590 mm\u2009Hg or use of antihypertensive medication within 2 weeks. Pre-HTN was defined as SBP 120 to 139 mm\u2009Hg and DBP 80 to 89 mm\u2009Hg without antihypertensive medication. HTN control was defined as SBP &lt;140 mm\u2009Hg and DBP&lt;90 mm\u2009Hg. In addition, the prevalence of HTN (SBP \u2265130 or DBP \u226580 mm\u2009Hg) and control rate (SBP &lt;130 and DBP &lt;80 mm\u2009Hg) of HTN were also estimated according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Guideline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 23.2% (\u2248244.5 million) of the Chinese adult population \u226518 years of age had HTN, and another 41.3% (\u2248435.3 million) had pre-HTN according to the Chinese guideline. There were no significant differences of HTN prevalence between urban and rural residents (23.4% versus 23.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.819). Among individuals with HTN, 46.9% were aware of their condition, 40.7% were taking prescribed antihypertensive medications, and 15.3% had controlled HTN. Calcium channel blockers were the most commonly used antihypertensive medication (46.5%) as monotherapy, and 31.7% of treated hypertensive patients used \u22652 medications. The prevalence of HTN based on the 2017 American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association guideline was twice as high as that based on 2010 Chinese guideline (46.4%), whereas the control rate fell to 3.0%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In China, there is a high prevalence of HTN and pre-HTN, and awareness, treatment, and control of HTN were low. Management of medical therapy for HTN needs to improve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.117.032380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T05:33:51Z","timestamp":1518672831000},"page":"2344-2356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1553,"title":["Status of Hypertension in China"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Zengwu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (G.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zugui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (Z.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congyi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manlu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease (Z.W., Z.C., L.Z., X.W., L.S., Y.T., Y.D., C.Z., J.W., M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Weintraub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (W.S.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runlin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology (R.G.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"On behalf of the China Hypertension Survey Investigators*","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61097-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31833-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.184182"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010676"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065938"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.03.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","first-page":"579","article-title":"2010 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension.","volume":"39","author":"Liu LS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu LS; Writing Group of 2010 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. 2010 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension. 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