{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:58:11Z","timestamp":1792558691254,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of mortality among women. Systematic evaluation of the quality of care and outcomes in women hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), an acute manifestation of coronary heart disease, remains lacking in China.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The CCC-ACS project (Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China\u2013Acute Coronary Syndrome) is an ongoing nationwide registry of the American Heart Association and the Chinese Society of Cardiology. Using data from the CCC-ACS project, we evaluated sex differences in acute management, medical therapies for secondary prevention, and in-hospital mortality in 82\u2009196 patients admitted for ACS at 192 hospitals in China from 2014 to 2018.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Women with ACS were older than men (69.0 versus 61.1 years,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) and had more comorbidities. After multivariable adjustment, eligible women were less likely to receive evidence-based acute treatments for ACS than men, including early dual antiplatelet therapy, heparins during hospitalization, and reperfusion therapy for ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction. With respect to strategies for secondary prevention, eligible women were less likely to receive dual antiplatelet therapy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers, statins at discharge, and smoking cessation and cardiac rehabilitation counseling during hospitalization. In-hospital mortality rate was higher in women than in men (2.60% versus 1.50%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). The sex difference in in-hospital mortality was no longer observed in patients with ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction (adjusted odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.41;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.057) and non-ST\u2013segment elevation ACS (adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.06;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.147) after adjustment for clinical characteristics and acute treatments.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Women hospitalized for ACS in China received acute treatments and strategies for secondary prevention less frequently than men. The observed sex differences in in-hospital mortality were mainly attributable to worse clinical profiles and fewer evidence-based acute treatments provided to women with ACS. Specially targeted quality improvement programs may be warranted to narrow sex-related disparities in quality of care and outcomes in patients with ACS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              . Unique identifier: NCT02306616.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.118.037655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T15:45:21Z","timestamp":1548171921000},"page":"1776-1785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["Sex Differences in In-Hospital Management and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Yongchen","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China (Y. Hao, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, N.Y., M.Z, Y.X., D.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China (Y. Hao, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, N.Y., M.Z, Y.X., D.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China (Y. Hao, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, N.Y., M.Z, Y.X., D.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China (Y. Hao, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, N.Y., M.Z, Y.X., D.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Sidney C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (S.C.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (Y. Huo)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg C.","family":"Fonarow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (G.C.F.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbo","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China (J.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Taubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Science, American Heart Association, Basel, Switzerland (K.A.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Quality Improvement Department, American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (L.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengge","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China (Y. Hao, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, N.Y., M.Z, Y.X., D.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China (Y. Hao, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, N.Y., M.Z, Y.X., D.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Sheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (C.- S.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Liaoning, China (Y. Han)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China (Y. Hao, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, N.Y., M.Z, Y.X., D.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"On behalf of the CCC-ACS Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00551-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.05.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907223410401"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.332"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.199"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024993"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-306456"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-310281"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa032214"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.789800"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.138537"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2011-010003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2010.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000133"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182742cf6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv320"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"The Joint Commission. 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