{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:50:12Z","timestamp":1790056212561,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) guidelines recommend pharmaco-invasive treatment if timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unavailable. Full-dose tenecteplase is associated with an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage in older patients. Whether pharmaco-invasive treatment with half-dose tenecteplase is effective and safe in older patients with STEMI is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>STREAM-2 (Strategic Reperfusion in Elderly Patients Early After Myocardial Infarction) was an investigator-initiated, open-label, randomized, multicenter study. Patients \u226560 years of age with \u22652 mm ST-segment elevation in 2 contiguous leads, unable to undergo primary PCI within 1 hour, were randomly assigned (2:1) to half-dose tenecteplase followed by coronary angiography and PCI (if indicated) 6 to 24 hours after randomization, or to primary PCI. Efficacy end points of primary interest were ST resolution and the 30-day composite of death, shock, heart failure, or reinfarction. Safety assessments included stroke and nonintracranial bleeding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were assigned to pharmaco-invasive treatment (n=401) or primary PCI (n=203). Median times from randomization to tenecteplase or sheath insertion were 10 and 81 minutes, respectively. After last angiography, 85.2% of patients undergoing pharmaco-invasive treatment and 78.4% of patients undergoing primary PCI had \u226550% resolution of ST-segment elevation; their residual median sums of ST deviations were 4.5 versus 5.5 mm, respectively. Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade 3 at last angiography was \u224887% in both groups. The composite clinical end point occurred in 12.8% (51\/400) of patients undergoing pharmaco-invasive treatment and 13.3% (27\/203) of patients undergoing primary PCI (relative risk, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.62\u20131.48]). Six intracranial hemorrhages occurred in the pharmaco-invasive arm (1.5%): 3 were protocol violations (excess anticoagulation in 2 and uncontrolled hypertension in 1). No intracranial bleeding occurred in the primary PCI arm. The incidence of major nonintracranial bleeding was low in both groups (&lt;1.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Halving the dose of tenecteplase in a pharmaco-invasive strategy in this early-presenting, older STEMI population was associated with electrocardiographic changes that were at least comparable to those after primary PCI. Similar clinical efficacy and angiographic end points occurred in both treatment groups. The risk of intracranial hemorrhage was higher with half-dose tenecteplase than with primary PCI. If timely PCI is unavailable, this pharmaco-invasive strategy is a reasonable alternative, provided that contraindications to fibrinolysis are observed and excess anticoagulation is avoided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>REGISTRATION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique identifier: NCT02777580.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.123.064521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T05:00:21Z","timestamp":1689224421000},"page":"753-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["STREAM-2: Half-Dose Tenecteplase or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Older Patients With ST-Segment\u2013Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"148","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02777580","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9479-7767","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frans","family":"Van de Werf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium (F.V.d.W., K.V., P.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arsen D.","family":"Risti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia (A.D.R)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3010-755X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oleg V.","family":"Averkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University and City Clinical Hospital #15, Moscow, Russian Federation (O.V.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-4102","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Arias-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico (A.A.-M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, SAMU 78 and Mobile Intensive Care Unit, France (Y.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3345-8862","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Kerr Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Discipline, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas School of Medicine, Brazil (J.F.K.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7027-6473","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pablo","family":"Sepulveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifica Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago (P.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0260-9955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fernando","family":"Rosell-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Urgencias y Emergencias 061 de La Rioja, Spain 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P.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), KU Leuven, Leuven and University Hasselt, Belgium (K.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1082-5981","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Westerhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Canadian Virtual Coordinating Centre for Global Collaborative Cardiovascular Research {Canadian VIGOUR Centre}, University of Alberta, Edmonton (C.M.W., K.R.B., R.C.W., P.W.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Pag\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany 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