{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:02:57Z","timestamp":1789131777997,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TAP-IT (Thoracentesis to Alleviate Cardiac Pleural Effusion\u2013Interventional Trial) investigated the effect of therapeutic thoracentesis in addition to standard medical therapy in patients with acute heart failure and sizeable pleural effusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter, unblinded, randomized controlled trial, conducted between August 31, 2021, and March 22, 2024, included patients with acute heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction \u226445%, and non-negligible pleural effusion. Patients with very large effusions (more than two-thirds of the hemithorax) were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to upfront ultrasound-guided pleural pigtail catheter thoracentesis in addition to standard medical therapy or standard medical therapy alone. The primary outcome was days alive out of the hospital over the following 90 days; key secondary outcomes included length of admission and 90-day all-cause mortality. All outcomes were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 135 patients (median age, 81 years [25th; 75th percentile, 75; 83]; 33% female; median left ventricular ejection fraction, 25% [25th; 75th percentile, 20%; 35%]) were randomized to either thoracentesis (n=68) or standard medical therapy (n=67). The thoracentesis group had a median of 84 days (77; 86) alive out of the hospital over the following 90 days compared with 82 days (73; 86) in the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.42). The mortality rate was 13% in both groups, with no difference in survival probability (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.90). There were no differences in the duration of the index admission (control group median, 5 days [3; 8]; thoracentesis group median, 5 days [3; 7],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.69). Major complications occurred in 1% of thoracenteses performed during the study period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For patients with acute heart failure and pleural effusion, a strategy of upfront routine thoracentesis in addition to standard medical therapy did not increase days alive out of the hospital for 90 days, all-cause mortality, or duration of index admission. The current findings lay the groundwork for future research to confirm the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>REGISTRATION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique identifier: NCT05017753.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.124.073521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T05:02:44Z","timestamp":1743483764000},"page":"1150-1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Randomized Controlled Trial of Thoracentesis in Acute Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"151","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05017753","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7113-5055","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Signe","family":"Glargaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark (S.G., J.H.T., C.T., J.J.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6782-9599","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jakob Hartvig","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark (S.G., J.H.T., C.T., J.J.T.)."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (J.H.T., M.S., K.I., K.R., L.K., F.G., J.J.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Tuxen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark (S.G., J.H.T., C.T., J.J.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matias Greve","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Denmark (M.G.L., C.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7500-1565","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian Axel","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Denmark (M.G.L., 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