{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:46:28Z","timestamp":1791251188399,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["U01 HL145386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HL145386"]}]},{"name":"Ontario Graduate Scholarship"},{"name":"Peterborough K. M. Hunter Charitable Foundation"},{"name":"Dalton Whitebread Scholarship Fund"},{"name":"SMART Healthy Cities Trainee Award"},{"name":"Nora Martin Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High intakes of fructose-containing sugars among children and adolescents is implicated in obesity and related comorbidities, including hypertension. However, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juices, and whole fruit have different nutritional profiles and matrices, which may confer different effects on blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GUTS (Growing Up Today Study) is a longitudinal cohort of 25\u2009749 individuals (55% female) drawn from 2 enrollment waves, GUTS 1 (n=16\u2009875; baseline 1996) and GUTS II (n=10\u2009918; baseline 2004), followed up prospectively through 2021 (mean age at enrollment, 12 years; mean age at end of follow-up, 36 years). Participants provided updated information on lifestyle, health status, and habitual diet through validated food frequency questionnaires every 1 to 4 years. We conducted multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the associations of total fructose and SSB, fruit juice, and whole fruit intake (cumulative averages) with incident hypertension (hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% CIs), adjusting for major diet and lifestyle factors. We also modeled substitutions of SSBs or fruit juice with whole fruit, milk, and water.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During up to 25 years of follow-up, 1625 participants (6.3%) reported a hypertension diagnosis. Total fructose intake was not associated with incident hypertension (highest versus lowest quintile HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.92, 1.25];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;0.001). However, participants with the highest intake of SSBs (\u22652 servings\/d versus &lt;3 servings\/week) and fruit juice (\u22651.5 servings\/d versus &lt;1 serving\/wk) had a higher risk of hypertension (HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.27, 1.83];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;0.001 and HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.06, 1.71];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.018, respectively). In contrast, whole fruit was not associated with hypertension (highest versus lowest category HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.59, 1.05];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.08). Replacing 1 serving\/d of SSB with milk, water, or whole fruit was associated with a 13% (95% CI, 5%, 20%), 9% (95% CI, 3%, 15%), and 22% (95% CI, 11%, 31%) lower risk of hypertension, respectively. In addition, replacing fruit juice with whole fruit was associated with a 19% (95% CI, 3%, 32%) lower risk of hypertension.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SSB and fruit juice intakes were positively associated with a higher risk of hypertension independently of overall diet quality, physical activity, and other factors. Our findings support public health guidelines to limit the overconsumption of SSBs and fruit juice starting in childhood to protect against the development of hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.125.077666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T09:01:02Z","timestamp":1782118862000},"page":"612-623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Consumption of Fructose-Containing Food and Beverage Sources in Childhood Through to Adulthood and Risk of Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (M.N., A.J.H., C.S.B., J.L.S., V.S.M.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala B.","family":"AlEssa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition (H.B.A., A.J.G., D.K.T., J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H., V.S.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA."},{"name":"Department of Public Health Practice, College of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City (H.B.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea J.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition (H.B.A., A.J.G., D.K.T., J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H., V.S.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA."},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, New York City (A.J.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0020-9552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deirdre K.","family":"Tobias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition (H.B.A., A.J.G., D.K.T., J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H., V.S.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (D.K.T.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4436-9630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Chavarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition (H.B.A., A.J.G., D.K.T., J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H., V.S.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology (J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine (J.E.C., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1458-7597","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Walter C.","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition (H.B.A., A.J.G., D.K.T., J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H., V.S.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology (J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8233-6274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frank B.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition (H.B.A., A.J.G., D.K.T., J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H., V.S.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology (J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine (J.E.C., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (M.N., A.J.H., C.S.B., J.L.S., V.S.M.)"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, ON Canada."},{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.J.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0308-8645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Birken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (M.N., A.J.H., C.S.B., J.L.S., V.S.M.)"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics (C.S.B.), University of Toronto, ON Canada."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (C.S.B., J.L.S.), University of Toronto, ON Canada."},{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3270-5772","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John L.","family":"Sievenpiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (M.N., A.J.H., C.S.B., J.L.S., V.S.M.)"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (C.S.B., J.L.S.), University of Toronto, ON Canada."},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis &amp; Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, Division of Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.L.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasanti S.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (M.N., A.J.H., C.S.B., J.L.S., V.S.M.)"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition (H.B.A., A.J.G., D.K.T., J.E.C., W.C.W., F.B.H., V.S.M.), Harvard T.H. 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