{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:15:41Z","timestamp":1790957741555,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Abstract<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014T-cell activation in atherosclerotic plaques is thought to be initiated by plaque-derived antigens, such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL). An alternative pathway of T-cell activation independent of antigen stimulation, mediated by the cytokine interleukin (IL)-15, was recently described. We investigated IL-15 expression in atherosclerotic plaques in relation to plaque morphology, inflammatory cells, T-cell activation, and oxidation-specific epitopes by use of immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridization was used to evaluate IL-15 mRNA expression. We also studied the proliferative response of plaque-derived T-cell lines to IL-15 in vitro using [\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            H]thymidine incorporation. Fresh-frozen specimens were classified as fibrous (n=9), fibrolipid (n=8), and lipid-rich (n=14) plaques; normal vessels (n=4) served as reference. Expression of IL-15 mRNA and protein was found almost solely in fibrolipid and lipid-rich plaques, associated with oxLDL-positive macrophages. Sequential immunostains revealed colocalization between IL-15\u2013 and CD40L-positive T cells. Moreover, plaque-derived T-cell lines were highly responsive to IL-15. Hence, IL-15 could provide a pathway for antigen-independent T-cell activation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/hq0701.092162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,28]],"date-time":"2007-09-28T18:27:24Z","timestamp":1191004044000},"page":"1208-1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Interleukin-15 Expression in Atherosclerotic Plaques"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mischa A.","family":"Houtkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiovascular Pathology (M.A.H., A.C.W., O.J.B., C.M.L., A.E.B.) and Anatomy and Embryology (P.A.J.B., A.F.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allard C.","family":"van der Wal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiovascular Pathology (M.A.H., A.C.W., O.J.B., C.M.L., A.E.B.) and Anatomy and Embryology (P.A.J.B., A.F.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onno J.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiovascular Pathology (M.A.H., A.C.W., O.J.B., C.M.L., A.E.B.) and Anatomy and Embryology (P.A.J.B., A.F.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris M.","family":"van der Loos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiovascular Pathology (M.A.H., A.C.W., O.J.B., C.M.L., A.E.B.) and Anatomy and Embryology (P.A.J.B., A.F.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piet A. J.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiovascular Pathology (M.A.H., A.C.W., O.J.B., C.M.L., A.E.B.) and Anatomy and Embryology (P.A.J.B., A.F.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoon F. M.","family":"Moorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiovascular Pathology (M.A.H., A.C.W., O.J.B., C.M.L., A.E.B.) and Anatomy and Embryology (P.A.J.B., A.F.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton E.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Cardiovascular Pathology (M.A.H., A.C.W., O.J.B., C.M.L., A.E.B.) and Anatomy and Embryology (P.A.J.B., A.F.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","first-page":"166","volume":"61","year":"1989","unstructured":"van der Wal AC, Das PK, Bentz van de Berg D, van der Loos CM, Becker AE. Atherosclerotic lesions in humans: in situ immunophenotypic analysis suggesting an immune mediated response. 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