{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T19:04:11Z","timestamp":1774119851273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Increased proteolytic activity may be a factor in intimal hyperplasia after balloon angioplasty (BA). The objectives of this study were to assess elastase activity after BA in a rabbit arterial double-injury model and the effects of elastase inhibition. Elastase activity increased immediately after BA, reached an 8-fold peak at 1 week, and declined to baseline levels by 4 weeks. Elastin zymography showed that the elastase activity was associated predominantly with a molecular mass of 25 kDa. Elastase activity was significantly inhibited in vitro by elafin and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, selective inhibitors of serine elastases. A second group of animals was transfected after BA with a plasmid containing the cDNA for either elafin or a control (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, CAT) construct by using a hemagglutinating virus of Japan\u2013liposome transfection technique. Arterial segments were obtained at 48 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks to assess transgene expression, arterial wall elastase activity, and intimal cross-sectional area, respectively. Elafin transgene expression was evident at 48 hours and resulted in a significant (80%) inhibition of elastase activity compared with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase\u2013transfected arteries. There was a 43% reduction in intimal cross-sectional area in elafin-transfected arteries (0.28\u00b10.22 versus 0.16\u00b10.07 mm\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            for CAT-transfected versus elafin-transfected arteries, respectively;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.05). These data suggest that an early increase in serine elastase activity after BA contributes to intimal hyperplasia. Serine elastase inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach to inhibit intimal hyperplasia.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/hq0801.093589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,28]],"date-time":"2007-09-28T18:27:24Z","timestamp":1191004044000},"page":"1269-1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Arterial Elastase Activity After Balloon Angioplasty and Effects of Elafin, an Elastase Inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alan W.","family":"Barolet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nafiseh","family":"Nili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Cheema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranga","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madhu K.","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"O\u2019Blenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad R.","family":"Eskandarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sparkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Rabinovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley H.","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (A.W.B., N.N., A.C., R.R., M.K.N., J.L., M.R.E., J.S., B.H.S.), Division of Cardiology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute (S.O., M.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital (A.W.B.), and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.75.4.7923611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.79.3.541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"L5","volume":"21","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rabinovitch M. 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