{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:14:18Z","timestamp":1790964858807,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and heart-thigh \u03b2 index (ht\u03b2) assess arterial stiffness by correcting pulse wave velocity for blood pressure to achieve less dependency on blood pressure variations. Normative data for these markers among US communities are lacking. We aimed to assess the determinants and normative values of CAVI and ht\u03b2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants with CAVI and ht\u03b2 measurements were included (N=2950). A subgroup selected to define normative values included only participants without previous cardiovascular disease, diabetes, smoking, antihypertensive use, and with blood pressure &lt;140\/90 mm\u2005Hg, body mass index &lt;35 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and creatinine &lt;1.5 mg\/dL. Associations were assessed by multivariable linear regressions. All continuous variables were standardized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 2950 participants (mean age, 73.6 years; 47.2% male), older age (\u03b2 for CAVI=0.39,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001 and ht\u03b2=0.41,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), and male sex (\u03b2 for CAVI=0.30,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001 and ht\u03b2=0.11,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) were associated with higher arterial indices. Participants with higher blood pressure, height, and diabetes exhibited higher CAVI and ht\u03b2. A higher waist circumference was associated with lower CAVI and ht\u03b2. Among the normative value subgroup (N=676), the mean CAVI was 8.7 (2 Z score range, 6.5\u201311.2), and the mean ht\u03b2 was 8.9 (2 Z score range, 4.3\u201313.6). Among participants without cardiovascular disease, higher CAVI and ht\u03b2 were associated with higher predicted 10-year cardiovascular risk estimated by pooled cohort equations (per SD of CAVI=3.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001 and ht\u03b2=3.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report determinants and normative values of CAVI and ht\u03b2 in a multiethnic community-based US population. Future studies should focus on the prognostic utility of CAVI and ht\u03b2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.124.23970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T05:01:34Z","timestamp":1741323694000},"page":"1081-1094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Determinants of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Heart-Thigh \u03b2 Index in the MESA"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0244-5914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamed","family":"Tavolinejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.T., H.M., J.A.C.)."},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (H.T., H.M., J.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin E.","family":"Boczar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.E.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1076-1922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bart","family":"Spronck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (B.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Maynard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.T., H.M., J.A.C.)."},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (H.T., H.M., J.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7503-6273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alain G.","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (A.G.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5655-8201","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanjiv J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-5670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julio A.","family":"Chirinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.T., H.M., 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