{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1783568653994,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Dietary vitamin K intake is thought to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) by reducing vascular calcification, although vitamin K is also involved in coagulation. Studies investigating the association between phylloquinone intake and risk of stroke are scarce, and the relation with menaquinones has not been investigated to date.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We investigated the association between intake of phylloquinone and menaquinones and stroke in a prospective cohort of 35\u00a0476 healthy subjects. Information on occurrence of stroke was obtained by linkage to national registries, and stroke was further specified into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Vitamin K intake was estimated using a validated food\u2010frequency questionnaire. Multivariate\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ox proportional hazards models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle, and other dietary factors were used to estimate the associations. During a follow\u2010up of 12.1\u00b12.1\u00a0years, 580 incident cases of stroke were identified, 163 of which were hemorrhagic and 324 were ischemic. Phylloquinone intake was not associated with risk of stroke with a hazard ratio (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) of 1.09 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              : 0.85 to 1.40,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n              0.41) for the highest versus lowest quartile. For intake of menaquinones similar results were found, with an HR\n              <jats:sub>Q4 versus Q1<\/jats:sub>\n              of 0.99 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              : 0.75 to 1.29,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n              0.82). When specifying hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke or menaquinone subtypes, no significant associations were detected.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In our study, neither dietary phylloquinone nor dietary menaquinones intake were associated with stroke risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.113.000455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]],"date-time":"2013-12-11T01:58:05Z","timestamp":1386727085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Intake of Dietary Phylloquinone and Menaquinones and Risk of Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Linda E. 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