{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T01:33:21Z","timestamp":1783388001255,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              The cysteine protease cathepsin K (CatK) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine the link between atrial fibrillation (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) and plasma CatK levels and to investigate the expression of and therapeutic target for CatK in vivo and in vitro.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Plasma CatK and extracellular matrix protein peptides (intact procollagen type I of N\u2010terminal propeptide; carboxyl\u2010terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICTP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ]) were measured in 209 consecutive patients with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              (paroxysmal\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 146; persistent\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 63) and 112 control subjects. In addition, the regulation of CatK expression was investigated in vivo and vitro. Patients with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              had higher plasma CatK and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICTP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              levels than did control subjects. Patients with persistent\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              had higher levels of plasma CatK and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICTP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              than did patients with paroxysmal\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              . CatK was correlated with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICTP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              concentration and left atrial diameter in all subjects. In rabbits, superoxide production, CatK activity, fibrosis, and the levels of atrial tissue angiotensin\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , angiotensin type 1 receptor, gp91phox, phospho\u2010p38 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase, and CatK were greater in those with tachypacing\u2010induced\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              than in controls, and these changes were reversed with angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist. Olmesartan and mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase inhibitor decreased the CatK expression induced by angiotensin\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n              in rat neonatal myocytes.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              These data indicated that increased plasma CatK levels are linked with the presence of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              . Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist appears to be effective in alleviating atrial fibrosis in a rabbit\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              model, partly reducing angiotensin type 1 receptor\u2010p38mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase\u2010dependent and \u2010independent CatK activation, thus preventing AF.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.113.000503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T02:32:49Z","timestamp":1387247569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Mechanisms With Clinical Implications for Atrial Fibrillation\u2013Associated Remodeling: Cathepsin K Expression, Regulation, and Therapeutic Target and Biomarker"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Masaya","family":"Fujita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian Wu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuya","family":"Inden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Shimano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Healthcare &amp; Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seifuku","family":"Kyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo\u2010Ping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Kuzuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Healthcare &amp; Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyoaki","family":"Murohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"223","article-title":"The atria: from morphology to function","volume":"22","author":"Corradi D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corradi D, Maestri R, Macchi E, Callegari S. The atria: from morphology to function. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22:223\u2013235.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00258-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(99)00263-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.561449"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.180935"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703447200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.071126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.066712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1323.2001.01911.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000124487.36586.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63363-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.10.1035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.099402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00611-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3181ab371d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.22.2612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0602.103639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.11.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000242331.99369.2f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00546.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02059.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.113639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.730101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000082814.62655.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.029223"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.113.000503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T10:00:08Z","timestamp":1715594408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.113.000503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.113.000503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.113.000503","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-11-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-12-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e000503"}}