{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:06:52Z","timestamp":1791194812847,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Accumulating evidence suggests that the balance between pathogenic effector T cells (Teffs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be important for controlling atherosclerotic disease. We hypothesized that a combination therapy with anti\u2010\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              3 antibody (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              3\u2010Ab) and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20102\/anti\u2010\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20102 monoclonal antibody complex (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20102 complex) aimed at increasing the ratio of Tregs to Teffs would effectively inhibit atherosclerosis in mice.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We treated apolipoprotein E\u2010deficient mice fed a high\u2010cholesterol diet with vehicle,\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              3\u2010Ab,\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20102 complex, or their combination. Mice receiving the combination therapy had markedly reduced atherosclerotic lesions than mice treated with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              3\u2010Ab or\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20102 complex alone. In addition, a striking increase in the Treg\/Teff ratio of lymphoid organs and atherosclerotic lesions, along with plaque stabilization characterized by decreased macrophage content and increased collagen content was observed. The combination treatment also markedly reduced splenic Ly6C\n              <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n              inflammatory monocytes and might induce a favorable macrophage phenotype change in atherosclerotic lesions.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our results indicate that in addition to suppressing Teff responses, enhancing Treg\u2010mediated immune responses is more efficacious in preventing atherosclerosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.113.000719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T06:36:51Z","timestamp":1398235011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["CD3 Antibody and IL\u20102 Complex Combination Therapy Inhibits Atherosclerosis by Augmenting a Regulatory Immune Response"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 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