{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:56:23Z","timestamp":1787316983624,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n It is uncertain whether sex and race affect thrombogenicity in patients with coronary artery disease. We evaluated the effects of sex and race on thrombogenicity in patients with coronary artery disease treated with aspirin.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients on aspirin therapy for 1\u00a0week or longer with known or suspected coronary artery disease undergoing nonurgent cardiac catheterization (n=1172), of whom 924 were on aspirin and clopidogrel therapy, were studied. The primary end point was thrombin\u2010induced platelet\u2010fibrin clot strength (\n \n MA\n KH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) measured by thrombelastography. Secondary end points included coagulation index, a measure of overall coagulation; G, another measure of clot strength; and maximal platelet aggregation. Women had greater\n \n MA\n KH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , G, and coagulation index than men, both with and without clopidogrel therapy (with clopidogrel: 68.3\u00b16\u00a0versus 65.8\u00b16\u00a0mm,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.0001; 11.4\u00b13 versus 9.5\u00b14 dyne\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.0001; and 0.12\u00b13 versus \u22120.7\u00b13,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.003, respectively). Platelet aggregation (induced by\n ADP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , thrombin receptor activating peptide, or collagen) did not differ between sexes. Black patients had greater\n \n MA\n KH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and G than white patients (with clopidogrel: 67.8\u00b17\u00a0versus 66.4\u00b16\u00a0mm,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.005; 11\u00b14 versus 10\u00b13 dyne\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.02, respectively). Black women had the highest\n \n MA\n KH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n levels. By multivariate analysis, sex, race, diabetes, platelet count, and hemoglobin level were independently associated with\n \n MA\n KH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .<\/jats:sub>\n Sex, but not race, was also associated with the frequency of\n \n MA\n KH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u226572 mm (a threshold related to ischemic event occurrence in patients undergoing coronary intervention).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Sex and race independently influence platelet\u2010fibrin clot strength. Black women appear to have the highest thrombogenicity profile, potentially conferring a high\u2010risk phenotype for thrombotic event occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.114.001167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T02:31:48Z","timestamp":1413858708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Influence of Race and Sex on Thrombogenicity in a Large Cohort of Coronary Artery Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Eli I.","family":"Lev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah\u2010Tikva, and the Tel\u2010Aviv University, Tel\u2010Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Bliden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young\u2010Hoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shachi","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Franzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udaya S.","family":"Tantry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Gurbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Baltimore, 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