{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:13:13Z","timestamp":1793329993157,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Clinical studies show that metformin attenuates all\u2010cause mortality and myocardial infarction compared with other medications for type 2 diabetes, even at similar glycemic levels. However, there is paucity of data in the euglycemic state on the vasculoprotective effects of metformin. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of metformin on ameliorating atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Using ApoE\n              <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n              C57BL\/6J mice, we found that metformin attenuates atherosclerosis and vascular senescence in mice fed a high\u2010fat diet and prevents the upregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by a high\u2010fat diet in the aortas of mice. Thus, considering the known deleterious effects of angiotensin II mediated by angiotensin II type 1 receptor, the vascular benefits of metformin may be mediated, at least in part, by angiotensin II type 1 receptor downregulation. Moreover, we found that metformin can cause weight loss without hypoglycemia. We also found that metformin increases the antioxidant superoxide dismutase\u20101.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Pleiotropic effects of metformin ameliorate atherosclerosis and vascular senescence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.114.001202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,20]],"date-time":"2014-12-20T01:19:47Z","timestamp":1419038387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Metformin Beyond Diabetes: Pleiotropic Benefits of Metformin in Attenuation of Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Farshad","family":"Forouzandeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Patrushev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lula","family":"Hilenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baowei","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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