{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:01:12Z","timestamp":1793430072625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Epidemiological studies investigating the role of fine particulate matter (\n PM<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n ; aerodynamic diameter <2.5\u00a0\u03bcm) in triggering acute coronary events, including out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrests and ischemic heart disease (\n IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), during wildfires have been inconclusive.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We examined the associations of out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrests,\n IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , acute myocardial infarction, and angina (hospital admissions and emergency department attendance) with\n PM<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n concentrations during the 2006\u20132007 wildfires in Victoria, Australia, using a time\u2010stratified case\u2010crossover study design. Health data were obtained from comprehensive health\u2010based administrative registries for the study period (December 2006 to January 2007). Modeled and validated air exposure data from wildfire smoke emissions (daily average\n PM<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , temperature, relative humidity) were also estimated for this period. There were 457 out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrests, 2106 emergency department visits, and 3274 hospital admissions for\n IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . After adjusting for temperature and relative humidity, an increase in interquartile range of 9.04\u00a0\u03bcg\/m\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n in\n PM<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n over 2\u00a0days moving average (lag 0\u20101) was associated with a 6.98% (95% CI 1.03% to 13.29%) increase in risk of out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrests, with strong association shown by men (9.05%,95%CI 1.63% to 17.02%) and by older adults (aged \u226565\u00a0years) (7.25%, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.24% to 14.75%). Increase in risk was (2.07%, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.09% to 4.09%) for\n IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related emergency department attendance and (1.86%, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 0.35% to 3.4%) for\n IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related hospital admissions at lag 2\u00a0days, with strong associations shown by women (3.21%, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.81% to 5.67%) and by older adults (2.41%, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.82% to 5.67%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n PM<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n exposure was associated with increased risk of out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrests and\n IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n during the 2006\u20132007 wildfires in Victoria. This evidence indicates that\n PM<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n may act as a triggering factor for acute coronary events during wildfire episodes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.114.001653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T02:20:26Z","timestamp":1437013226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Impact of Fine Particulate Matter (PM\n 2.5<\/sub>\n ) Exposure During Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Anjali","family":"Haikerwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Del Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Evaluation Department, Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm R.","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mick","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Oceans and Atmospheric Flagship, Aspendale, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Tonkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Dennekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy","author":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","year":"2013","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation . 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