{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T07:16:49Z","timestamp":1782890209479,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Few studies have examined the associations of weight changes from young adulthood to middle age with blood pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>) and hypertension among Hong Kong Chinese women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\"><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Weight at age 18 (W<jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>), current weight (W<jats:sub>current<\/jats:sub>), height,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>, demographics, and lifestyle factors were obtained from 1253 female nurses (35\u201365\u00a0years) by a self\u2010administered questionnaire through mail survey in Hong Kong. The conditional relative weight (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRW;<\/jats:styled-content>a residual of W<jats:sub>current<\/jats:sub>regressed on W<jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>) was used to express the relative weight change from age 18 to current age. The study results show that from young adulthood to middle age, 76.9%, 15.1%, and 8.0% of women had weight gain, weight loss, and stable weight, respectively. Women in the weight loss group had heavier W<jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>than those in the weight gain group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Higher weight gain was associated with higher<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>for trend &lt;0.01). Women who belonged to the heaviest 10% both at age 18 and at present had highest<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>than women in other weight categories. By giving W<jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>, a 1\u2010kg increase in weight change predicted 0.63 and 0.42\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg increases in systolic and diastolic<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively (both<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) and 12% greater odds of being hypertension (95% confidence interval, 1.08, 1.17). The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRW<\/jats:styled-content>was positively associated with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0and hypertension; no interaction was found between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRW<\/jats:styled-content>and W<jats:sub>current<\/jats:sub>on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\/hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A majority of Chinese women tended to become heavier throughout adult life. More weight gain led to the higher<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>. Weight change is an independent predictor for later\u2010life<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>and hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T03:42:15Z","timestamp":1452138135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Changes in Body Weight From Young Adulthood to Middle Age and Its Association With Blood Pressure and Hypertension: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study in Hong Kong Chinese Women"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yao Jie","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne C.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao\u2010min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198578154.003.0009","volume-title":"A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology","author":"Whincup PH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Whincup PH, Cook DG, Geleijnse JM. A life course approach to blood pressure. In: Kuh D, Ben\u2010Shlomo Y, eds. A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2004:218\u2013239."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801846"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(98)00024-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11509-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510060059034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(96)00183-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.11.839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000094221.86888.AE"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"2083","article-title":"Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial","volume":"289","author":"Appel LJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Appel LJ, Champagne CM, Harsha DW, Cooper LS, Obarzanek E, Elmer PJ, Stevens VJ, Vollmer WM, Lin PH, Svetkey LP, Stedman SW, Young DR; Writing Group of the PREMIER Collaborative Research Group . Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. JAMA. 2003;289:2083\u20132093.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obesity: prevention and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation","volume":"894","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Obesity: prevention and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. WHO Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:1\u2013253.","journal-title":"WHO Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcu129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"The Asia\u2010Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and Its Treatment","author":"World Health Organisation, International Association for the Study of Obesity, International Obesity Task Force","year":"2000","unstructured":"World Health Organisation, International Association for the Study of Obesity, International Obesity Task Force . The Asia\u2010Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and Its Treatment. Sydney: Health Communications. 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200311000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3280f3c01a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.18.2847"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.5.1135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb14820.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016228427210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410020042003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6780.811"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02146-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2007.19"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.115.002361","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T02:12:50Z","timestamp":1748743970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.115.002361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.115.002361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.115.002361","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-06-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-11-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e002361"}}