{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T19:19:11Z","timestamp":1784575151884,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Premature cardiac contractions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Though experts associate premature atrial contractions (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s) and premature ventricular contractions (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s) with caffeine, there are no data to support this relationship in the general population. As certain caffeinated products may have cardiovascular benefits, recommendations against them may be detrimental.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We studied Cardiovascular Health Study participants with a baseline food frequency assessment, 24\u2010hour ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) monitoring, and without persistent atrial fibrillation. Frequencies of habitual coffee, tea, and chocolate consumption were assessed using a picture\u2010sort food frequency survey. The main outcomes were\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s\/h and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s\/hour. Among 1388 participants (46% male, mean age 72\u00a0years), 840 (61%) consumed \u22651 caffeinated product per day. The median numbers of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s\/h and interquartile ranges were 3 (1\u201312) and 1 (0\u20137), respectively. There were no differences in the number of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s or\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s\/h across levels of coffee, tea, and chocolate consumption. After adjustment for potential confounders, more frequent consumption of these products was not associated with ectopy. In examining combined dietary intake of coffee, tea, and chocolate as a continuous measure, no relationships were observed after multivariable adjustment: 0.48% fewer\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s\/h (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u22124.60 to 3.64) and 2.87% fewer\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              s\/h (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u22128.18 to 2.43) per 1\u2010serving\/week increase in consumption.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In the largest study to evaluate dietary patterns and quantify cardiac ectopy using 24\u2010hour Holter monitoring, we found no relationship between chronic consumption of caffeinated products and ectopy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T01:28:15Z","timestamp":1453858095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Consumption of Caffeinated Products and Cardiac Ectopy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Shalini","family":"Dixit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis K.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Dewland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Dukes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Vittinghoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Heckbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington and Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90638-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.120298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809033391003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.874982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.06.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.04.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2012.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.59.4.762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Ventricular Premature Beats. 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