{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T20:31:06Z","timestamp":1773865866233,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n We recently reported that normal aldosterone levels are associated with cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic disease in a sample of the\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n general community (Visit 1). For the current analyses we used the same cohort in a new 4\u2010year follow\u2010up study (Visit 2).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We measured aldosterone at Visit 1 and analyzed its predictive role for new diseases at Visit 2 (n=1140). We measured aldosterone at Visit 2 and investigated its associations with disease at Visit 2 (n=1368). We analyzed aldosterone continuously and we also dichotomized the variable as whether subjects were in the third tertile versus second and first tertiles. As continuous variable at Visit 1, aldosterone predicted new onset hypertension (\n HTN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.36,\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.13\u20131.63,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.001), central obesity (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.36,\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.07\u20131.73,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.011), and use of lipid\u2010lowering drugs (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.25,\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.05\u20131.48,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.012) at Visit 2, after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. When in the third tertile (8.5\u201388.6\u00a0ng\/dL), aldosterone predicted type 2 diabetes (T2\n DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.96,\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.03\u20133.70,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.039). At Visit 2, aldosterone remained associated with\n HTN<\/jats:styled-content>\n , obesity, and chronic kidney disease (\n CKD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), as reported for Visit 1. However, aldosterone was not associated with heart failure (\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) at Visit 1 and 2, nor was aldosterone a predictor of\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n between visits.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Aldosterone predicts new\n HTN<\/jats:styled-content>\n , central obesity, T2\n DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and use of lipid\u2010lowering drugs in the general community and remains associated with\n HTN<\/jats:styled-content>\n , obesity, and\n CKD<\/jats:styled-content>\n over 4\u00a0years. Aldosterone is not associated nor predicts\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Further studies are warranted to evaluate aldosterone as therapeutic target in the general community.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]],"date-time":"2015-12-24T03:35:13Z","timestamp":1450928113000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Aldosterone Predicts Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Disease in the General Community: A 4\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Alessia","family":"Buglioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiorenal Research Laboratory College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiorenal Research Laboratory College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Jeson","family":"Sangaralingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiorenal Research Laboratory College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise M.","family":"Heublein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiorenal Research Laboratory College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kent R.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Rodeheffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Sarzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and \u201cHypertension Excellence Centre\u201d of the European Society of Hypertension Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences University \u201cPolitecnica delle Marche\u201d Ancon Italy"},{"name":"Italian National Research Centre on Aging \u201cU. 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