{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:18:06Z","timestamp":1780759086577,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Cardiac magnetic resonance (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) can quantify myocardial infarct (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) size and myocardium at risk (MaR), enabling assessment of myocardial salvage index (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ). We assessed how\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              impacts the number of patients needed to reach statistical power in relation to\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              size alone and levels of biochemical markers in clinical cardioprotection trials and how scan day affect sample size.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Controls (n=90) from the recent\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHILL<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u2010\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MITOCARE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              trials were included.\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              size, MaR, and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              were assessed from\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              . High\u2010sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MB<\/jats:styled-content>\n              (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKMB<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) levels were assessed in\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHILL<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u2010\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              patients (n=50). Utilizing distribution of these variables, 100\u00a0000 clinical trials were simulated for calculation of sample size required to reach sufficient power. For a treatment effect of 25% decrease in outcome variables, 50 patients were required in each arm using\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              compared to 93, 98, 120, 141, and 143 for\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              size alone, hsTnT (area under the curve [\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ] and peak), and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKMB<\/jats:styled-content>\n              (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n              and peak) in order to reach a power of 90%. If average\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              scan day between treatment and control arms differed by 1\u00a0day, sample size needs to be increased by 54% (77 vs 50) to avoid scan day bias masking a treatment effect of 25%.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Sample size in cardioprotection trials can be reduced 46% to 65% without compromising statistical power when using\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              by\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              as an outcome variable instead of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              size alone or biochemical markers. It is essential to ensure lack of bias in scan day between treatment and control arms to avoid compromising statistical power.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]],"date-time":"2016-03-10T04:43:38Z","timestamp":1457585018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Sample Size in Clinical Cardioprotection Trials Using Myocardial Salvage Index, Infarct Size, or Biochemical Markers as Endpoint"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Henrik","family":"Engblom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Physiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einar","family":"Heiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, 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