{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T23:55:12Z","timestamp":1776124512913,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Stroke associated with acute carotid occlusion is associated with poor effectiveness of tissue plasminogen activator (\n tPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) thrombolysis and poor prognosis. Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques resulting in vascular occlusions may occur on plaques, causing variable stenosis. We hypothesized that degree of stenosis may affect recanalization rates with\n tPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Ultrasound+\n tPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (sonothrombolysis) has been shown to improve recanalization for intracranial occlusions but has not been tested for carotid occlusion. Our primary aim was to determine thrombolytic recanalization rates in a model of occlusion with variable stenosis, with a secondary aim to investigate sonothrombolysis in this model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Rat carotid arteries were crushed and focal stenosis created (25% baseline Doppler flow) with a silk\u2010suture tie invoking thrombosis and occlusion. To model mild or severe stenosis, the tie was released pretreatment or left in place. Animals were treated with\n tPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (10\u00a0mg\/kg) or\n tPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n +ultrasound (2\u2010MHz) in each stenosis model (n=7\/group). Recanalization was assessed by Doppler flow. Thrombolytic recanalization rates were significantly higher in mild stenosis groups (71% versus 0% with severe stenosis;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.0001). Recanalization rates were not significantly higher with additional ultrasound in either model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In this model, the degree of carotid stenosis had a large effect on thrombolytic recanalization. Sonothrombolysis using standard parameters for intracranial sonothrombolysis did not increase recanalization. Further testing is warranted. The degree of underlying stenosis may be an important predictor of thrombolytic recanalization, and clinical correlation of these findings may provide new approaches to treatment selection for patients with carotid occlusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,24]],"date-time":"2016-02-24T04:38:50Z","timestamp":1456288730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Thrombolytic Recanalization of Carotid Arteries Is Highly Dependent on Degree of Stenosis, Despite Sonothrombolysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Amelia J.","family":"Tomkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Hood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Pepperall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Null","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seventh Wave Laboratories, Chesterfield, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter New England Local Health District Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil J.","family":"Spratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter New England Local Health District Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000258112.14918.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2002.tb00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820d8d78"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.563304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","volume-title":"Australian Code for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes","author":"Council NHaMR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Council NHaMR . Australian Code for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes. 8th ed. Canberra: National health and medical research council; 2013.","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2005.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-9499(98)80383-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-012-0194-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2009.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000150503.10480.a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2002.21.6.649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199810000-00062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000170707.86793.1a"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.115.002716","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T10:25:44Z","timestamp":1715595944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.115.002716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.115.002716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.115.002716","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-02-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e002716"}}