{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:37:52Z","timestamp":1790829472118,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              The classic view of blood pressure (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) reactivity to psychological stress in relation to cardiovascular risks assumes that excess reactivity is worse and lower reactivity is better. Evidence addressing how stress\u2010induced\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              reactivity in young adults is associated with midlife cognitive function is sparse.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We assessed\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              reactivity during a star tracing task and a video game in adults aged 20 to 32\u00a0years. Twenty\u2010three years later, cognitive function was assessed with use of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (a psychomotor speed test), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (a verbal memory test), and the modified Stroop test (an executive function test). At the time of follow\u2010up, participants (n=3021) had a mean age of 50.2\u00a0years; 56% were women, and 44% were black. In linear regression models adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics including baseline and follow\u2010up resting\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , lower systolic\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) reactivity during the star tracing and video game was associated with worse Digit Symbol Substitution Test scores (\u03b2 [\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ]: 0.11 [0.02] and 0.05 [0.02], respectively) and worse performance on the Stroop test (\u03b2 [\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ]: \u22120.06 [0.02] and \u22120.05 [0.02]; all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01).\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              reactivity was more consistently associated than diastolic\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              reactivity with cognitive function scores. The associations between\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              reactivity and cognitive function were mostly similar between blacks and whites.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Lower psychological stress\u2010induced\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              reactivity in younger adults was associated with lower cognitive function in midlife.\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              reactivity to psychological stressors may have different associations with target organs in hypertension.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T04:20:46Z","timestamp":1452745246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Blood Pressure Reactivity to Psychological Stress in Young Adults and Cognition in Midlife: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Yano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared P.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenore J.","family":"Launer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Nick","family":"Bryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Yaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Sidney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Albanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Greenland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Lloyd\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000033128.44101.C1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.146621"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000133415.37578.E4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000200713.44895.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.11.3842"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.28.4.641"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01463.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.126227"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000250984.14992.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000161851.01243.62"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015215"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01164.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01316.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03978"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"418","volume-title":"Modern Epidemiology","author":"Greenland S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greenland S. 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